Саратский округ Hемецких колоний в 1820-х – 1890-х гг.: археология, картография, историография
Sarata District of German Colonies in 1820s - 1890s: Archaeology, Cartography, Historiography

Summary/Abstract: The article presents a comprehensive study of a relatively small area in the middle of the Budzhak steppe, where the Sarata District of colonies was formed in 1820s-1830s. The German population of the district had lived and worked there successfully by the administrative eviction in 1940. The complexity of research is ensured through the using of methods of different history sciences – historiography, archeology, source studies, archaeography, geography and cartography. In the “Prehistory” part of the research, it is shown that the first settlements were established in 1570, Sarata village – in 1597; Evliya Çelebi, in 1667, mentioned it as a large Tatar village with a mosque. The conclusions were made according to the recently published Ottoman sources. Thus, the first colonies were not found at the empty places. It was noticed not only by the members of the Military Topographic Commission of Bessarabia, but also by the settlers themselves. In 1848, at the initiative of the colonist leadership, descriptions of all three settlements of the Sarata group were written and published in different languages and in different forms. For the first time, the author has analyzed all the titles of the written sources. The descriptions of Sarata and Gnadenthal, written by the school teachers E. Bodnikevich and I.Ya. Koch in 1884, are also published. In addition, other accounts of the region, made in 19th century, are briefly described. These descriptions were focused on archaeological monuments, nature, geology, statistics and other aspects. As a result, we have got a complex archeological-historical-ethnographic image of the Sarata German settlements, their lands and history from early years to the beginning of the 20th century.

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