Percepcyjna cecha smaku w języku polskim w porównaniu z innymi językami (na podstawie eksperymentu z użytkownikami różnyсh kultur językowych i definicji słownikowych)
Perceptual feature of TASTE in Polish compared to other languages (based on experiment with speakers of different language cultures and dictionary definitions)

Summary/Abstract: The study of the perceptual feature of TASTE allows us to reveal to a large extent the features of a specific linguistic culture. We do not accept all substances as food, but first those that are edible for humans, and secondly those that are accepted and loved in a specific culture, i.e. “selected” by the national culture. The aim of my research is to analyze the vocabulary related to taste recorded in Polish lexicons, as well as – within the comparative background – Russian, Ukrainian, and English, and to identify prototypes in the consciousness of users of different linguistic cultures and their status. The following methods were used in the study: analysis of dictionary definitions, conceptual analysis, and linguistic experiment. Using the example of definitions of tastes selected from dictionaries of English, Ukrainian, Polish and Russian, it was shown that the interpretation of these words is built on the basis of reference to a certain referent–the carrier of features, i.e. an adjective. The authors of Ukrainian, Polish, and Russian dictionaries focus more on searching for the prototype among objects that play a significant role in traditional folk culture, while the English dictionary is a reference object typical of the lifestyle of modern people. The results of the experiment allowed us to show the differences and similarities in the information presented by lexicographers in dictionary definitions and the information presented in the minds of the modern user. The respondents had different prototypes of tastes than those presented in dictionaries: sweets, coffee, chocolate, and fast food products.

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