Naturellement: o wariantach mowy świadków zagłady w Shoah Claude’a Lanzmanna
Naturellement: Variant Translations of The Accounts Given by Holocaust Bystanders in Claude Lanzmann’s Shoah

Summary/Abstract: The article discusses testimonies of bystanders as presented in Claude Lanzmann’s documentary Shoah. It proposes to apply norms and practices developed in analysis of victims’ testimonies within Holocaust studies to the newly-emerging field of bystander studies. The Polish bystanders’ utterances in the documentary were edited and simplified through the process of interpretation and re-translation, and this inaccurate rendition has been used in debates about the Holocaust since then. Lack of sensibility to this aspect of communication in Lanzmann’s film may result in skewed interpretation of the bystanders’ engagement in the scenes of violence. The analysis proves that without renewed examination of the bystanders’ speech, Holocaust studies may lose some important insights. Signs of violence impact, traces of traumatization or brutalization, and the specific cognitive and affective response may be overlooked. The article calls for an equable epistemic approach to all types of speech emerging from the Holocaust, beyond the (debatable) divisions of its social fabric into victims, perpetrators and bystanders.

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