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„Znaczenie pośrednictwa…”. Świadomość komparatystyczna Bolesława Leśmiana

Author(s): Anna Czabanowska-Wróbel / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents an attempt to reconstruct Bolesław Leśmian’s comparative awareness on the basis of the statements he included in his essays. The comparison of Leśmian’s views with H.M. Posnett’s Comparative Literature, translated by Z. Daszyńska and published in Warsaw in 1896, indicates significant similarities in thinking about literature and culture. The article also discusses Leśmian’s perception of world literature, his understanding of literary translation, as well as his usage of comparison and the category of influence. The additional context for the research was provided by 19th-century anthropology, comparative law, and economics.

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„I czy jest On w niebiosach, czy też nie ma Go wcale?” Bolesław Leśmian na tle duchowego dziedzictwa mistyki żydowskiej

Author(s): Michala Benešová / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The text analyzes selected poems by Bolesław Leśmian in the context of their (possible) references to the cultural heritage of Judaism, especially to the Jewish religious and, above all, mystical tradition. Attention is primarily focused on the following issues: Kabbalah as a literary motif presented in the works of Leśmian, author’s fascination with nothingness and imperfect, invalid forms of existence (including a golem as an image of an the imperfect creation), images of God/god in the poetry of Bolesław Leśmian.

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Bolesława Leśmiana serbskie niedowcielenie

Author(s): Petar Bunjak,Bronislava Stojanović / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The authors consider the almost “zero” reception of the poetic heritage of Bolesław Leśmian in the Serbian environment, taking into account the wider context of the former Serbo-Croat area. Before World War II, the Serbian reader did not have almost any information about Leśmian, which did not change in the second half of the 20th century, when Leśmian was “rediscovered” in his native milieu. The central place in the paper is the attempt to answer the question whether Leśmian is really untranslatable and even extreme translation effort – taking into account the formal features of Leśmian’s works, his experiment in the field of lexis and semantics, operating the tradition of folk culture – can provide the Serbian / Croatian text poetic.

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Poezja Bolesława Leśmiana w bułgarskojęzycznych antologiach przekładów wydanych w latach 1921–1984

Author(s): Angelika Kosieradzka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article offers an overview of the anthologised translations of Bolesław Leśmian’s poetry published in Bulgaria in the years 1921–1984. It also describes the work of Polish philology in Bulgaria at the beginning of the 20th century. It further addresses the problem the formal differences between the Polish and the Bulgarian language, so as to identify specific difficulties encountered by the Bulgarian translators of Leśmian as well as their characteristic translation strategies.

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"Dziewczyna" i "Szewczyk" Bolesława Leśmiana w seriach translatorskich na języki czeski i słowacki

Author(s): Magdalena Supeł / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

A translation series reflects the tensions between the original and the translation, as well as between different translation solutions. The article discusses two Czech translations of Leśmian’s "Dziewczyna" and "Szewczyk" – Jan Pilař Děvče and Ševčík, and Vlasta Dvořácková Dívka and Švícko – and one Slovak translation: Juraj Andričik’s Dievča and Čižmárik. It concentrates on the shifts resulting from the different renditions of one particular element of the poetic system – metaphor.

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Próba „paratranslatorska”. "Pochmiel księżycowy" w tłumaczeniu Jerzego Ficowskiego na tle pozostałych przekładów na język polski rosyjskojęzycznego cyklu "Łunnoje pochmielje" Bolesława Leśmiana

Author(s): Malwina Wapińska-Piotrowicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The basis of the piece of poetry written by Bolesław Leśmian in Russian consists of the narrative poem "Песни Василисы Премудрой" and the series "Лунное похмелье". For many years, we have been familiar with the three translations into Polish made by Marian Pankowski, Jerzy Ficowski and Jacek Trznadel, who translated a few poems that had been omitted by Pankowki and Ficowski. In 2017, a new collection of translations was published. Zbigniew Dmitroca, who translated all the Leśmian’s poems ever written in Russian, was the translator. Among all the four translators, it was Ficowski who declared the most unusual interpreting strategy. He decided to translate, yet artistically imperfect in his opinion, the young poet’s pieces into the “mature Leśmian style”. How did he manage to achieve this goal? I am trying to answer that question by comparing translations of the poems from "Лунное похмелье" by Pankowski, Ficowski, and Dmitroca.

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Leśmian w przekładzie na niderlandzki a semantyka wierszowa

Author(s): Arent van Nieukerken / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper reflects on the difference between Polish and Dutch verse focusing on the poetry of Boleslaw Leśmian. Is it possible to find rhythmical equivalents for Polish syllabic verse forms in a poetic tradition preferring accentual-syllabic forms and particularly the iambic alexandrine and pentameter? The translator Gerard Rasch attempted – not without success – to transpose Polish rhythms to Dutch surroundings, choosing a strategy of defamiliarization (Shklovsky) that allow the reader to aesthetically experience Leśmian’s poetry.

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Filologia niemożliwego. O tłumaczeniach poezji Leśmiana na język angielski i niemiecki

Author(s): Dawid Maria Osiński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article analyses selected English and German translations of Bolesław Leśmian’s poetry, with a special focus on the solutions regarding versification, rhythm, and language (dialectological structures, syntactical forms and neologisms characteristic of Leśmian’s poetic writing). The translation strategies employed by Sandra Celt, Rochelle Heller Stone, Michael J. Mikoś, David Malcolm, Karl Dedecius, are compared with the solutions used by other translators, including Czesław Miłosz, Janek Langer, Barry Keane, Cathal McCabe, Benjamin Paloff, Anita Jones Dębska, Ryszard J. Reisner, Marcel Weyland, Leo Yankevich, Marek Urban, Marian Polak-Chlabicz, Lorenz Scherlag.

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W obcych zaświatach. "Urszula Kochanowska" Bolesława Leśmiana w przekładach na język angielski

Author(s): Aleksandra Wieczorkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on the English translations of Urszula Kochanowska, a poem by Bolesław Leśmian, especially those penned by Marian Polak-Chlabicz and Krzysztof Bartnicki. The author of the article tries to achieve a critical comparison between different translation strategies ventured to conquer the difficulties associated with translating this verse which is strongly connected with Polish culture and literature. The close-reading of the translations is accompanied by a short outline of Leśmian’s existence in the English language along with an attempt to answer the question whether translating his poetic language is at all possible or, perhaps, Leśmian’s work is an evident proof (as many critics say) of the phenomenon known as untranslatability.

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Leśmian nowojorski. Strategia translatorska Mariana Polaka-Chlabicza

Author(s): Marta Kaźmierczak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the paper is to identify and outline the strategy applied by Marian Polak-Chlabicz when translating the poetry of Bolesław Leśmian into English. The examination begins with the preliminary norm as reflected in text selection, and initial norm – which proves to be oriented on re-creating the strangeness of the author’s poetics. Examination of the particular elements of the poetics includes the translator’s attitude to Leśmian’s neologisms and other creative language deviations, the issues of syntax, poetic form, ideational contents of the poems. Editorial problems and issues connected with paratexts are discussed as well.

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Doświadczyć sensualności w przekładzie. O hispanojęzycznych tłumaczeniach poezji Leśmiana

Author(s): Aleksandra Jackiewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article aims to present the problems which might be encountered by the translators who decide to translate the poetry of Bolesław Leśmian characterized by unique mastery of the language and a specific poetic strategy full of sensual emotions, nature, and the magic of the surrounding reality. The contrastive study of the source texts and their translations into Spanish is intended to verify whether the translation choices made by the translators reveal their awareness of the specific formal and stylistic structure of the selected poems. The purpose is also to determine to what extent the translators made it possible for the Spanish-speaking reader to experience the sensuality depicted in the source texts.

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Rytm w poezji Bolesława Leśmiana i problemy jego przekładu na język włoski

Author(s): Marta Pietraszek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The purpose of the present paper is to indicate the most relevant aspects of Boleslaw Leśmian’s poetry that should be particularly considered in translations. The author claims rhythm to be the aspect of text that requires special attention in translatological work. The paper proposes an investigation of the notion of rhythm both in Lesmian’s poetry and his theoretical writings. The last segment is devoted to a critical analysis of several translations into Italian and is also focused on the phonetic layer of the text.

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Bolesław Leśmian we Włoszech: Milo De Angelis i jego niebiańska podróż

Author(s): Patrycja Polanowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The artistic creativity of Bolesław Leśmian – remarkably colourful, musical, and what is more, referring to varied philosophical concepts – has endeared readers all around the world over the course of a century. In spite of many unfavourable socio-political factors, his poetry managed to become a reference point, as it happened in Italy in the 1970s. Therein, the first encounter with the works of the Polish artist became a crucial moment for a young poet – Milo De Angelis. After a stay in Warsaw, he began to publish a literary magazine entitled “Niebo”, number 11 of which was entirely dedicated to Leśmian, whose visions profoundly influenced the poetics of the Italian author, even in the outer years.

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Przewrotne teodycee: Leśmian – Barańczak – Różycki

Author(s): Małgorzata Gorczyńska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The authoress draws a line leading from Bolesław Leśmian’s metaphysical poetry to the works of Stanisław Barańczak and Tomasz Różycki. The main contact points between them are two quotations: from Leśmian’s philosophical ballad ”Dziewczyna (The Girl)" in "Podróż zimowa" (Winter Journey) by Barańczak and from Barańczak’s "Widokówka z tego świata" (A Postcard from this World) in "Litery" (Letters) by Różycki. The three poets developed what is called here perverse theodicies in order to deal with God’s absence and possible responsibility for death and evil. The irony that is employed in their poetic works is not a means of derision but, paradoxically, of salvation.

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Leśmian, Malczewski, przekład

Author(s): Marta Kaźmierczak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the paper I survey the connections between Bolesław Leśmian’s poetry and the paintings of Jacek Malczewski in the context of translation. The renditions into English, Russian, Czech and Ukrainian are explored for the following: the presence of fantastic creatures, their corporality, the blending of Eros and Thanatos, motifs of angels and poppies. The sum of the topoi in common allows one to check which of the foreign editions reflect all the shared points of the two poetics. Perception of visual arts is by no means universal and Malczewski’s paintings have in fact proved resistant to reception in the West. Awareness of this leads to posing the question whether the two macrotexts, the poetic (in translation) and the painterly one, come into such an interaction which could enhance and improve the understanding of both Leśmian and Malczewski by the English-speaking audiences.

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Mistrz rozmowy. O wypowiedziach przygodnych Adama Mickiewicza

Author(s): Agnieszka Ziołowicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The subject matter of this article are Adam Mickiewicz’s utterances preserved in a number of diverse writings such as diaries, journals, letters, or private notes collected by other authors all of which were published in 1933 by Stanisław Pigoń in the 16th volume of the collection of Mickiewicz’s literary works special Polish Parliament edition and in Adama Mickiewicza wspomnienia i myśli [Adam Mickiewicz’s Reminiscence and Thoughts] (1958, S. Pigoń). The above readings aim to provide an answer to a question of how Mickiewicz dealt with a spoken word in the act of everyday conversation, how he behaved in the course of a language interaction and how he interpreted it in the next phases of his life. A detailed analysis of the account of Mickiewicz’s exchanges leads to a conclusion that what makes Mickiewicz’s utterances unique is their paideic purpose as in the course of a spoken interaction the author shapes attitudes, beliefs and values and at the same time aims at a comprehensive formation of his interlocutors. Treating Mickiewicz’s conversations as a method of a teaching process based on interaction, makes it possible to correlate it with the tradition of wisdom, especially in terms of one of its manifestations in particular – conversations with a master.

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Mickiewicz wsród filomatów. U źródeł genezy roli Mickiewicza przewodnika

Author(s): Karol Samsel / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The study attempts to re-examine Adam Mickiewicz’s attitude towards The Philomaths as well as the phenomenon of Philomathism on the basis of some papers such as welcome speeches, statements, proceedings, decrees or reports documenting his formal activity as the head of The Department I of The Philomath Society. The author of this article poses a question on the necessity to reconsider so called philomathic parallel articulated by Wacław Kubacki and finally concludes that the period of the philomathic activity of the author of Oda do młodości [Ode to Youth] does not easily translate into the character of his spiritual leadership the poet had implemented in the later period of his mature life.

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Zanim został wieszczem

Author(s): Tomasz Jędrzejewski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article deals with the concept of Polish national “bardism” (wieszczostwo) Mickiewicz stands for. These days, it is customarily accepted that the name of the author of Ballady i romanse (1822) [Ballads and Romances] is associated with the term – a ‘Polish national “bard”’ (wieszcz). Even today, no matter what types of texts are taken into consideration, whether historical and literary or any other ones, the authors will immediately apply the term as the obvious synonym describing the remarkable Polish Romantic poet – Adam Mickiewicz. The author of this article underlines the fact that this particular practice establishes a clearly defined picture of Mickiewicz’s literary output. Furthermore, the author points out that emphasising the concept of a ‘national “bard”’, which adds extra value to literary work that is already exceptional and deeply rooted in collective consciousness, results in peripheral role of some fields of poetry which do not comply with the poetry model of national “bards”. On the basis of the two cycles of sonnets the author of this paper highlights the dual character of Mickiewicz’s poetry that is constantly orbiting around the literature of social and national nature and that of a literary salon – lighthearted and private.

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Mądrość wywiedziona z baśni. O cudowności romantycznej w świetle koncepcji estetycznych Adama Mickiewicza

Author(s): Ewa Szczeglacka-Pawłowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Adam Mickiewicz was the author of aesthetic theories which he put into writing, e.g. in a form of a preface to the first volume of his Poems, or presented in the lectures he held in Lausanne and Paris. The study entitled Wisdom Derived from a Fable. On Romantic Miraculousness in the Light of Adam Mickiewicz’s Aesthetic Theories aims to examine the poet’s notion of a fable and miraculousness and to explore the underlying dimension of traditional moral tales, which Mickiewicz perceived as wisdom texts.

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Dwie lekcje przyrody. Poetyckie wykłady w „Drodze do Rosji” (III część Dziadów) i w „Mateczniku” (Pan Tadeusz)

Author(s): Jerzy Borowczyk,Krzysztof Skibski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The authors analyse the style, poetic syntax and ideological issues of the Ustęp Droga do Rosji [The Passage Journey to Russia] in Dziady część III [Forefathers’ Eve, part III] and the part of Book IV of Pan Tadeusz – Matecznik [The Backwood]. The authors consider these two descriptive fragments as ‘lessons on nature’ in verse form. The term a ‘lesson on nature’ is intended to emphasise Mickiewicz’s inclinations to merge and confront a number of various themes and threads such as nature, politics, history, existence and theology with his own creations of artistic and personal nature such as being a poet, a sage, a traveller, an expert on history or an admirer of folk people and their traditions, stories and legends. The construction and space creation, where the movement inwards is easily identified, are the two elements that play a vital role in both fragments. Each text deals with the movement in a different poetic manner and what is more, it assumes a unique significance in each instance. The goal Mickiewicz achieves in both fragments is utopia, yet each time it is implemented differently. In Droga do Rosji [Journey to Russia] it is rendered as a dehumanized space of tsarist Russia whereas the utopia of Matecznik [The Backwood] manifests itself in the absence of aggression, in the local people’s wisdom of life, and in a humble attitude towards the mystery of nature. In the final part of the essay the authors point out that Mickiewicz’s poetic definitions of nature, which emerge from both texts, are nothing but a manifestation of Romantic irony.

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