Jana Twardowskiego (o)czarowanie paradoksami. Źródła paradoksów poetyckich — lektura licealisty

Author(s): Magdalena Ochwat / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2015

The omnipresence of contradictions and paradoxes in Twardowski’s poems gave me the idea to situate the priestly poetry in the network of philosophical, literary and theological references and inspirations in the context of school education. And, strictly speaking, in the context of a student’s intellectual journey in search for the source/sources of paradoxes in the writer’s poems. The idea for a series of lessons for secondary schools, titled “Sources of Reverend Jan Twardowski’s Poetical Paradoxes”, is not supposed to constitute simply an instruction on how to analyse and interpret Jan Twardowski’s poetry, but it is to show how paradox and this poetry are positioned — in the broader sense — in culture. The article shows that what may turn out to be attractive for secondary school students is pointing to some directions in the poet’s fascination with paradoxes, seeking their roots, reaching not only to the poet’s literary experience, but more broadly — to his biography, theological and philosophical interests, of which the poet often spoke himself.

Научни форуми

Author(s): Nikola Kazanski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2013

ИНСТИТУТ СЕМЬИ В КОНЦЕПТОСФЕРЕ РУССКОГО И ПОЛЬСКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ

Author(s): Elena Ivanovna Kolosova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2014

The article contains a comparative analysis of paroemias with the conceptual meaning “family” in Russian and Polish. Special attention is paid to the transformation of the concept “family” in the Slavic sphere of concepts (lexemes “marriage”, “wife”, “husband”, etc.). The conceptological approach to linguistic phenomena and culture contributes to the solution of the problem under investigation. As a result of the research, the universal and specifically national content of the “family” concept in the Russian and Polish languages is determined.

ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНЫЕ СТРУКТУРЫ В ЭВФЕМИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ФУНКЦИИ В РУССКОМ И ПОЛЬСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ

Author(s): Halina Kudlińska / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

The paper is devoted to the study of euphemization and as a pragmalinguistic category and also an indirect communication strategy with the ameliorating intent, i.e., as a means of ensuring the communication comfort and eliciting cooperation with the receiver. In the present study, a specific euphemistic device, “euphemization through negation”, in the Polish and Russian linguocultures is analyzed. Explicit and implicit models of euphemistic negation implemented in various structures and at different language levels (words, phrases, and sentences) are distinguished. Comparative analysis of this type of understatement is carried out. Its fundamental structural characteristics are indicated. The analysis reveals significant structural parallels between the Russian and Polish languages with respect to the type of euphemisms under consideration, although certain differences can also be observed. The use of negative structures in the euphemistic function is motivated by the intention to tone down the categorical character of statements.

Języki pisarzy polskich i dwukulturowych, czyli na ile literatura polska była i jest wielokulturowa

Author(s): Marta Anna Skwara / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The author of the article focuses on Polish writers that intentionally create their works simultaneously in Polish and in languages other than Polish, situating their creativity directly in European and world literature. She also discusses the case of bicultural authors whose creativity emanates from Polish culture but for whom Polish was only one of the languages they based their literature on. While listing such examples, the author considers the possibility of interpreting such works and placing them in the discourse of world literature.

Z innej perspektywy. Anglicy w oczach polskich „kolonizatorów” (na przykładzie „Angoli” Ewy Winnickiej)

Author(s): Jolanta Pasterska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The article discusses the volume of reports by Ewa Winnicka. The author of the article examines the contact between two different (Polish and British) cultures, both deeply rooted in different traditions and entangled by evident stereotypes. The reason for such cultural interference is, that Polish emigration to Great Britain is facetiously described by the author as ‘the invasion of the colonizers’. Winnicka’s narrative strategy enables readers to observe local inhabitants as well as Polish migrants who have different experiences and attitudes. This ‘unsymmetrical dialogue’ reveals that, a ‘colonizer’ as a stranger must always lose, because he exists in between his native community (that he does not belong to anymore) and the new one (that he aspires to, trying to prove that he is worth being accepted).

Polska i Polacy w poezji autorów piszących po polsku w Izraelu

Author(s): Sławomir Jacek Żurek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The article is an attempt to analyse relations between Polish Jews, the country of their first inhabitancy along with their Polish fellow citizens. It is an extremely complicated matter, because such relations are influenced by their fondness for the lost homeland and resentment felt towards the Poles. The selected poems of the authors, representing different generations, are analysed in the article. They reveal the whole variety of personal experiences and sentiments in a more emotive way than the works of prose. The article consists of two parts entitled: “The image of sentiment” and “The image of resentment”. They are based on the poetry of Irit Amiel, Łucja Gliksman, Renata Jabłońska, Szlomo Leser, Aleksander Rozenfeld, Jael Shalitt and Aviva Shavit-Władkowska.

Zobaczyć więcej świata: polonistyki transatlantyckiej szanse i wyzwania

Author(s): Henryk Siewierski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The author of the article regards the development of Polonistic studies in Brazil in the context of the cultural background of this country, Polish emigration heritage, and the challenges for Polonistics in Latin America. The connections between Polonistics, and comparative and cultural studies are also discussed in the article. The examples of traces of Polish in the canons of foreign literature presented in the article may become a starting point for some to regard from a distance something, which is close, for others to look closely at something, which is far away.

Próba apologii badań nad recepcją literacką

Author(s): Petar Bunjak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The paper presents a new perspective on the traditional research on the reception of foreign literature within the context of national literary processes, discussing the applicability of some new methodological approaches. Specific issues are illustrated with a few facts from Polish-Serbian literary relations.

Zrobić innym trochę miejsca koło siebie. Wyzwania uniwersyteckiej dydaktyki polonistycznej: między presją a misją

Author(s): Anna Janus-Sitarz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The education of teachers at university is a task that is being undertaken at a time of social and cultural changes, external unrest and political transformation that are affecting education itself. However, maintaining a humanistic approach to education is important. Therefore Polish language teachers at schools need to be responsible for educating young people who are sensitive to the welfare of the others, do not use the language of hate, but are critical thinkers; while at the same time university teachers are responsible for educating teachers who are resistant to political pressure. The author of the article presents a selection of literary works that refer to exclusion on grounds of nationality that can be read with students at different levels of education. Such a strategy proves that Polish language teachers can use literature to uphold humanistic values.

Partykularne i uniwersalne w literaturach narodowych

Author(s): Michał Masłowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Opposition between the notion of universalism, created in the age of Enlightenment and the Romantic tradition, which dominates in Central Europe is discussed in the article. Universalism is understood as the process of emancipation of man, but at the same time, in countries ‘between Russia and Germany’ it is also understood as the rule of adherence. In the Romantic tradition there is the symbolic extrapolation of historic experiences and the use of metaphors that have ethical universalism, both of which are described by the author in this article. The understanding of culture as a spiritual sphere which unites the national spirit was destroyed in the 20th century due to totalitarianism, but this grotesque tragedy from our absurd history has created ‘anti-modern modernism'.

Varia: Recepcja literatury polskiej w Chinach: teoria i dzieje

Author(s): Yinan Li / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Polish literature is popular in China. For over a hundred years some 330 works of Polish literature have been published in China along with hundreds of critical works. The article aims at presenting the reception of Polish literature in China, it discusses issues such as: the history of translation, the selection of translated works and translators’ interests, interpretation of the works and their significance for both Polish literature and Chinese society.

Varia: „Przynależność do narodu kompletnie pozbawionego znaczenia”. Soren Gauger jako polski pisarz z Kanady

Author(s): Piotr Marecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Soren Gauger is a Canadian writer who has decided to write in Polish. The author of the article examines the writer’s motivations, the way he develops his ideas and his first literary creation in Polish. Soren Gauger’s works reflect his attitude towards Polish culture where he invents defence mechanisms based on feelings of inferiority. In Soren Gauger’s literary works he can be seen to be disregarding the influence of popular trends in hegemonic cultures, referring to old and old-fashioned works, and styling himself on marginality and fantasticality.

Funkcje toposu Szatana we współczesnym polskim dyskursie religijnym

Author(s): Marzena Makuchowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

In the contemporary Polish Catholic discourse one can notice increased presence of figure of Satan and Biblical topos of his fight with God. The figure appears not only in strictly religious texts but also in discussion on up to date phenomenon of social life, such as abortion, in-vitro fertilization, homosexual partnerships and others. The article is trying to answer the question about functions of this topos. The answer is being searched with usage of sociological findings on the role of language in religion and the role of religion in social life – both issues are discussed in the first chapter. The second chapter, based on fragments from catholic press, presents ways of language construction of analyzed figure. The third chapter focuses on four functions of the topos. The first one is to support religious vision of the world; the second is to strengthen so called nomos, which is the conjunction of rules on which the society is based; the next two functions have rhetorical, persuasive character. The Biblical topos is a kind of a rhetorical formula, which enables in an easy and simple way to explain and to judge the reality but at the same time it gives a very schematic and simplified picture.

Językowy wymiar paternalizmu – na przykładzie interakcji lekarz – pacjent i urzędnik – klient

Author(s): Mariusz Rutkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

In the paper, the issue of paternalism in the institutional talks is presented. The main features of paternalism as a communication strategy are shown sketchy. The author analyses two talks: a medical consultations and an institutional talk in the office. On these examples some of the basic manifestations of paternalism are presented, among them the ignoring of the patient`s voice, doctor`s domination including his knowledge regarding the patient`s individual feelings, using of the informal phrase “ty” (“you”), using of diminutive forms. As the result, the voice of patient/client is outgrown or muted, and at the same time the voice of the institution is dominating, and even strengthened.

Z historii leksemów: gzić się, grzać się, parzyć się, bzykać się

Author(s): Zuzanna Krótki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 08/2016

The present article undertakes a semasiological analysis of four Polish vulgarisms associated with sexual intercourse: gzić się, grzać się, parzyć się, bzykać się. Taking is the point of departure their etymology, it investigates the changes in the meanings of these units. It was discovered that initially the analysed lexemes communicated a very wide range of content, far from their contemporary semantic structure. Successively, some of their senses were rearranged, causing these units to become attributed to animal copulation and later to human sexual intercourse. However, it was until the mid-20th century that the analysed verbs have come to play the role of vulgarisms.

Derywaty z interfiksem -i- / -i/y- oraz pierwszym członem czasownikowym w języku serbskim, rosyjskim oraz polskim

Author(s): Dragana M. Ratković / Language(s): Polish Issue: 51/2016

The paper gives a comparative historical analysis of derivative words with the i / i/y- interfix and a verb as the first component in Serbian, Russian and Polish from the standpoint of contemporary Slavic morphology (derivatology). The aim is to provide their description in terms of semantic variation. The author ascertains that all the three languages feature a derivational model of forming expressive lexis by means of the i / i/y- interfix, predominantly nouns, of mostly humorous and pejorative meaning. A special group is formed by onyms (nicknames turned surnames, but also toponyms, oronyms, hydronyms etc). This type of words first occurred in Serbian and Russian in the thirteenth century (possibly in Serbian in the eleventh century), and in Polish in the fifteenth century. Judging by the available sources, derivatives with the i- interfix appear frequently in historical as well as modern Serbian, Polish and Russian (much more in Serbian and Polish than in Russian). In Serbian and Russian pre-nineteenth-century sources chiefly given names and nicknames-turnedsurnames were noted (in Russian, also some animal and plant names as well as abstract nouns). In Old Polish, words of the discussed kind are zoological and botanical lexemes; from Middle Polish on, the lexemes encompass all semantic categories characteristic of modern Serbian and Russian. It should, however, be stressed that the inaccessibility of the spoken language as well as the limited number of sources introduce considerable uncertainty to observations regarding the time of origin and vocabulary of the first centuries of Slavic languages. This applies especially to expressively marked lexemes, a considerable portion of which is constituted by common nouns of the “A (verb) + -i- / -i/y- + B” model. In contemporary Serbian, Polish and Russian, the lexis formed by means of this derivational model is almost equally developed conceptually and relates predominantly to the same phenomena. Expressive words in all three languages are formed in the processes of metonymisation, metaphorisation, personification, hyperbolization and grotesque, and are characterized by numerous derivational and semantic equivalents.

Образы домашних и диких животных в польских, русских и украинских паремиях

Author(s): Nadiia Melnyk / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

Animalisms as the animalistic components of paremiaes play an important role in the semantic codes in Paremiology. The comparative and contrastive analysis of animalisms in the structure of Polish, Russian and Ukrainian paremiaes with the use of a biocentric approach allows us to describe the general and specific features of behaviour and characters that exist in the most widespread paremic images of wild and domestic animals. The animalistic images are typical of: the Polish, Russian and Ukrainian culture. The process of describing each category of animal which takes place in the paremiologic units supports the reconstruction of fragments of a linguistic world‑image and allows us to observe a correlation between such concepts as Animal and Human Being.

Aneksja kolektywu czy dyktat wybiórcy? Z zagadnień antologii tłumaczeń (na przykładzie nowych wyborów poezji rosyjskiej)

Author(s): Ewa Goczał / Language(s): Polish Issue: 157/2017

The article attempts to present the comparison of two translator’s achievements: Zbigniew Dmitroca’s Radio Swoboda and Jerzy Czech’s Wdrapałem się na piedestał. The anthologist’s work is considered here as both the act of translation and revelation — joining the translation of literary texts and their compilation in anthologies with scrutinizing the particular writers and literary phenomena as well as the process of translation itself, and introducing a new, transforming quality to the native poetry. A translator-anthologist can be perceived in that perspective as a link between two literary cultures, and also as an initiator of changes and an independent creator who develops, in his own language and on his own conditions, a certain new Polish canon of Russian poetry

Професор Марин Дринов и колекцията от славянски ръкописи на Българската национална библиотека

Author(s): Elena Uzunova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2015

The article represents some of the most famous Slavic manuscripts from the collection of the National Library “St. st. Cyril and Methodius”, received in the early twentieth century, acquired from the archive and the personal library of Professor Marin Drinov, leading Bulgarian scientist researching Bulgarian and South Slavic literature, history and culture and one of the leading lecturers in Kharkov University in Bulgarian history and literature. The author also briefly discusses some of M. Drinov’s papers related to various historical and philological projects on original texts of old Bulgarian literature as well as some written by famous Byzantine writers.