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Slovak development cooperation in 2018

Author(s): Jakub Šimek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Slovak development cooperation is intended to improve the prosperity of the global community, and ensure that humanity has a positive impact on our planet in the long term. According to IATI data, between 2012 and 2017 Slovakia engaged in 1,800 activities as part of its official development assistance (ODA). That is an average of 300 activities or projects per year. In 2017 Slovakia followed through on 484 financial commitments, according to SlovakDev. These included the provision of multilateral and bilateral ODA, as well as covering the administration costs of 18 different actors providing Slovak ODA. This analysis aims to assess the current trends in development cooperation and opportunities to improve the effectiveness of Slovak ODA in terms of social impact value, learning value, and the signaling value of the “Good Idea Slovakia” brand.

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Turkish refugees and their use of health and social services in London

Author(s): George W. Leeson,Nilüfer Korkmaz Yaylagül,Suzan Yazıcı / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Following the Second World War, work forces in more developed countries needed labour to reconstruct and further drive their economies, and to satisfy this demand, labour was increasingly imported from less developed countries, and the phenomenon of “labour migration” was thus born. For the receiving countries, this was a simple way to meet a transitional demand for labour, and for the sending countries – one of which was Turkey – it was a way of easing off population and unemployment pressures as well as an opportunity for generating hard foreign currency for the economy. The migrant workers were expected to provide financial support to their families left behind and to invest in their home countries (see Akgunduz, 2013:195).

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A Widening immigrant – native gap. Child income and poverty in Sweden among immigrants from Turkey and the surrounding region

Author(s): Björn Gustafsson,Torun Österberg / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Sweden has received immigrants from Turkey for many years. As a consequence, in 2010 there were approximately 20,000 children with a Turkish migration background have living in Sweden. That is, they are born in Sweden having at least one parent born in Sweden or are themselves born in Turkey. How is this group faring in terms of income in the households they live in? How large is relative poverty among such children? We expect to find an income gap and ask if the gap has widened over a period of one generation, and if so, we try to understand the reasons underlying such a development.

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The Polish welfare state birth and twilight?

Author(s): Stanisława Golinowska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the European Union, four main social functions of the state are currently emphasized: 1) protection against social risks, 2) maintenance of order and social peace, 3) investment in human resource development, 4) investment in social institutions. The description of the birth and development of the Polish welfare state and in the assessment of its present character – which is the aim of this text – includes the perspectives of all the groups of functions mentioned above, as well as the acknowledgement of the variability of their implementation over time (1918-2011).

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In search of a new post-socialist social policy model in Poland

Author(s): Mirosław Księżopolski / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Author focused their attention on the evolution of Polish social policy from the social policy under state socialism. He also attempts to answer the question “How can the current social policy model in Poland be described?”.

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Attitudes of Social Work Students towards Syrian Refugees in Turkey

Author(s): Veli Duyan,Fulya Akgül Gök,Burcu Özdemir Ocaklı,Ezgi Arslan Özdemir,Münevver Eryalçın,Tuba Yüceer Kardeş / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The conflict in Syria has forced many Syrians to leave their country and seek asylum mainly in other neighbouring countries including Turkey. Starting with 2011, Turkey has been a host for many Syrian refugees and the number is still continuing to increase. According to the most up-to-date statistics released by the Directorate General of Migration Management, as of December 2017, there are 3,400,195 Syrian refugees are registered in Turkey (DGMM, 2017). This huge influx of Syrian refugees has created some social discomfort and unrest among local Turkish people and many professions have been affected by these negative connotations associated with Syrian refugees. Social workers, who closely work with the Syrian refugee population are also amongst those who are negatively affected.

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Sığınmacı ve Göçmen Ailelerle Sosyal Hizmet

Author(s): Seher Ersoy Quadir / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Bu bölümde ailenin tanımı ve fonksiyonları, aile tipleri ve gelişimleri, aile kuramları, aile sorunları ve çözüm yolları bağlamında aileyle sosyal hizmetler göçmen ve sığınmacı ailelerin örneğinde ele alınmış ve sorunların çözüm yolları üzerinde durulmuştur.

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Sığınmacı ve Göçmenlerin Eğitim Süreçlerinde Sosyal Hizmet

Author(s): Ali Faruk Yaylacı / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Yeni ulaşım ve iletişim teknolojilerinin küresel ölçekte insanların hareketliliğini artırdığı günümüz dünyasında söz konusu hareketliliğin toplumsal, ekonomik ve siyasi sonuçları tüm kesimler için dönüştürücü etkilere sahiptir. Göçler, zorunlu yerinden edilmeler, sığınmacı akınları, mültecilik dünyadaki hemen hemen bütün toplumlar için en önemli gündem maddeleri haline gelmiştir. Küresel hareketliliğin giderek daha da belirginleştirdiği farklılıkların bir arada bulunma zorunluluğu ve artan toplumsal çeşitlilik kamu hizmetleri açısından çeşitli zorluklar ve fırsatlar yaratmaktadır. Bu koşullar, bir yandan ülkelerin eğitim sistemlerini hareketlilik ve çeşitliliğe cevap verebilecek biçimde dönüştürmek için yeni fırsatlar ortaya çıkarırken öte yandan yerinden edilmişlerin, mültecilerin ya da sığınmacıların eğitim gereksinimlerinin en uygun biçimde karşılanabilmesi için pratik çözümler üretilmesini zorunlu hale getirmektedir.

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Sığınmacı ve Göçmen Kadınlarla Sosyal Hizmet: Cinsel ve Toplumsal Cinsiyete Dayalı Şiddet

Author(s): Emel Coşkun / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Toplumsal cinsiyet, göçmen ve sığınmacı kadınların hem göç süreçlerinde hem de yaşam koşullarında merkezi bir öneme sahiptir. Sağlık ve eğitim gibi temel haklara yetersiz erişim, dil engeli ve genel olarak içinde bulundukları eşitsiz sosyal ilişkiler açısından göçmen ve sığınmacı kadınlar hem kadın hem de göçmen kimlikleri ile toplumda ‘ötekinin ötekisi’ olarak en dezavantajlı gruplardan birisidir. Göçmen ya da sığınmacı, hukuki statüleri farklı olsa da mevcut araştırmalar Türkiye’deki sığınmacı ve göçmen kadınlara yönelik cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı şiddet (CTCDŞ) biçimlerinin yaygınlığına işaret etmektedir (Toksöz vd. 2012; Yalçın, 2015; Kaşka, 2006; Kıvılcım ve Özgür Baklacıoğlu, 2015; Coşkun, 2017a; 2018). Toplumsal cinsiyet ve göç araştırmalarında belgelenmesine rağmen bu şiddetin beslendiği kaynaklara ve bu alanda toplumsal cinsiyete hassas psiko-sosyal ve ekonomik destek mekanizmalarına dair yetersiz çalışma bulunmaktadır (Buz, 2007; Cesur Kılıçarslan, 2001).

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Sığınmacı ve Göçmen Çocuklarla Sosyal Hizmet

Author(s): Semra Saruç / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Türkiye 2000’li yılların başından beri “uluslararası göç alan ülke” konumuna gelmiştir. 2011 yılı sonrasında ise Suriye’de yaşanan iç savaş sonrasında göç sürecini en yoğun şekliyle deneyimlemektedir. Göç, önceleri özellikle erkekler ve emek gücü açısından ele alınırken, kadın göçü 1980’li yıllarda, çocuk göçü ise 2000’li yıllarda tartışılma ortamı bulmuştur (Atasü Topçuoğlu, 2014: 94).

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Sığınmacı ve Göçmen Yaşlılarla Sosyal Hizmet

Author(s): Gülbaşak Yerli / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Mülteci ve sığınmacı olmak, ağır travmatik yaşantıları beraberinde getirmekte, bu yaşantılardan bireylerin etkilenmesi yaşlarına, cinsiyetlerine, geçmiş deneyimlerine ve kültürlerine göre farklılıklar göstermektedir.

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Sığınmacıların Sosyal Hizmetlere Erişimleri: Düzce Uydu Kent Örneği

Author(s): Çetin Yılmaz / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Dünyada yaşanan düzensiz göç dalgalarında sığınmacıların yerleşmek istedikleri hedef ülkeler daha çok gelişmiş Batı ülkeleridir. Türkiye de bu düzensiz göç dalgalarından Avrupa’yla sınır olmasından dolayı hem transit hem de hedef ülke olarak etkilenmiş ve etkilenmektedir (İçduygu, 2015). Türkiye’deki sığınmacıların sayısı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Örneğin Türkiye’de 2010 yılında 8 bin 932 kişi uluslararası korumaya başvururken, bu rakam 2017 yılında 112 bin 415’e yükselmiştir (GİGM, 2018). Bu rakamın çok önemli bir bölümünü Irak, Afganistan ve İranlılar oluşturmaktadır. Fakat Suriye’de iç savaşın başlamasıyla birlikte Türkiye’deki sığınmacı sayısı daha da büyük bir hızla artmaktadır. Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü’nün (GİGM) verilerine göre Türkiye’de, 3 milyon 607 bin 563 Geçici Sığınma statüsü sahibi sığınmacı yaşamaktadır. Bunlardan 153 bin 413’ü geçici barınma merkezlerinde, 3 milyon 454 bin 150 kişiyse uydu kentlerde yaşamaktadır.

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Breaking the Myth of Universality in National Health Care Systems: Undocumented Immigrants and Asylum Seekers’ Health Care Access in Spain and Sweden, 2011-2015

Author(s): Daniela Cepeda Cuadrado,Camila Rodrigues Vieira / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Between 2011 and 2015, the Spanish and Swedish national health care systems did not grant comprehensive health care access to asylum seekers and undocumented immigrants. In these systems, regional health authorities were liable for the management and provision of health care, as they were better prepared to respond to the health needs of local communities. However, decentralization did not foment universal access. In Spain and Sweden, regions responded differently to the provision of health care access for these immigrant groups. Whereas Madrid and Västra Götaland followed the restrictive national guidelines on health care access for these targeted groups, Catalonia and Stockholm made efforts, although insufficient, to provide better assistance to their health care needs. Thus, Spain and Sweden failed to fulfill international and European legal obligations on health for immigrants. To guarantee health care access for asylum seekers and undocumented immigrants, better coordination between national and regional health authorities is essential. The application of Human Rights Based Approach (HRBA) tools can serve this purpose.

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DEVELOPING THE UNDERSTANDING OF MIGRANT INTEGRATION IN THE EU: IMPLICATIONS FOR HOUSING PRACTICES

Author(s): Maria Psoinos,Orna Rosenfeld / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Integration has been persistently difficult to define across mobile populations (e.g. refugees, economic migrants, internally displaced persons) and across disciplines (Bretell & Hollifield, 2000). What is for sure is that it has been recently and unanimously changing from a rather static and one-sided phenomenon, where migrants have to shed their ‘cultural distinctiveness’ in order to blend into the majority culture (Heissler, 2000: 77), to an increasingly dynamic and multi-level process, owing to today’s migrants’ diverse characteristics and the social contexts they join.

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Migración y Salud Pública

Author(s): Pascual Gerardo García Zamora,Juan Lamberto Herrera Martínez,Cristina Almeida Perales / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

Desde 1848, la Escuela Alemana de la Medicina Social enunciaba que la Medicina era eminentemente social y por lo tanto para poder resolver los problemas de enfermedad se debería de atender antes que nada a las condiciones en que ésta se gestaba, esto es actuar en consecuencia e intervenir en las condiciones de vida de las poblaciones afectadas, de esta manera la salud y la enfermedad están determinadas por las condiciones en que las personas nacen, crecen y se desarrollan. Del mismo modo en que los individuos se integran en el proceso de migración, la adaptación y superación de todos los riesgos que ésta implican a la salud del migrante está en función de esas condiciones previas a la migración. A partir de 2008, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) promueve el análisis de la salud-enfermedad desde la perspectiva de los Determinantes Sociales enunciados por Rudolf Virchow y Salomón Newman y su corriente social de la medicina del siglo xix, esta perspectiva se promueve también para el análisis epidemiológico de los grupos migrantes en el mundo (Rosen, 1986).

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Refugees of a City: The Socio-Spatial Impacts of Those Syrian Refugees who Arrived in Izmir, Turkey

Author(s): Arife Karadağ / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the last century, hundreds of thousands of people from the Balkan wars (1912-1913), from the population exchange between Turkey and Greece (1923- 1924), from the Balkan countries (1950-1951 and 1978-1979), from Bulgaria (1989), from the Eastern and South-eastern Anatolia Region (the 1990s), and finally from Syria (as of 2012) left their homeland through forced migration and settled in Turkey. One of the cities most affected by this process is İzmir - the third biggest city of the country. Those people who venture migration merely to live and for a safe future deal with an inhumane life such as poverty, pressure, and otherization in the places where they go. There is no doubt that each migration flow also negatively affects the labor processes in cities, the urban infrastructure, and the socio-economic life of the city.

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Yoksulluk, Suriyeliler, Bulaşıcı Hastalıklar ve Sosyal Hizmet

Author(s): Melahat Demirbilek,Ece Keskin / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Türkiye’de uluslararası korumanın dışında kalan kayıtlı 2.724.937 (unhcr.org, 26.08.2016) Suriyeli vardır ve “Geçici Koruma” statüsündedirler. Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanununa (YUKK) göre “ülkesinden ayrılmaya zorlanmış, ayrıldığı ülkeye geri dönemeyen, acil ve geçici koruma bulmak amacıyla kitlesel olarak sınırlarımıza gelen veya sınırlarımızı geçen ve haklarında bireysel olarak uluslararası koruma statüsü belirleme işlemi yapılamayan yabancılara geçici koruma sağlanabilir (M. 91). Suriyelilere “mülteci” ya da “sığınmacı” statüsü tanınamamaktadır. Çünkü 1951 Mültecilerin Hukuki Durumuna İlişkin Sözleşme (Cenevre Sözleşmesi) ve 1967 New York protokolüne coğrafi çekince koyarak imza atan Türkiye, ancak Avrupa ülkelerinden gelenlere mülteci statüsü verebilmektedir. Bu kişilerin Türkiye’ye kabulü, Türkiye’de kalışı, hak ve yükümlülükleri, Türkiye’den çıkışlarında yapılacak işlemler, kitlesel hareketlere karşı alınacak tedbirlerle ulusal ve uluslararası kurum ve kuruluşlar arasındaki iş birliği ve koordinasyon, merkez ve taşrada görev alacak kurum ve kuruluşların görev ve yetkilerinin belirlenmesi, Bakanlar Kurulu tarafından çıkarılacak yönetmelikle düzenlenir (YUKK, m. 91). Kanunun bu maddesine istinaden Ekim 2014’de Bakanlar Kurulu kararı ile Türkiye’de kayıt olan Suriyeli sığınmacılara “geçici koruma statüsü” verilmektedir.

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Подобряване на демографските показатели чрез жилищната политика в България

Author(s): Marina Marinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper traces the relationship between the housing and the demographic policies in Bulgaria and analyzes how to actually stimulate young people to stay in Bulgaria by satisfying them housing needs. Accessibility to housing policy is key to improving demographics indicators and therefore it is required to apply integrated approach between the two policies.

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Социалната политика на Европейския Съюз в глобализиращия се свят – между европейското и националното

Author(s): Todor Kondarev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The current paper "Social Policy of EU in the globalizing world – between European and national" presents some aspects of the social policies of EU and the members states and, also, the challenges EU faces because of the continuous changing and developing technological world. The globalization, which affects direct he existence and the life of people, holds out new challenges for the social activities and policies within EU. Shall the policies in the separate countries members of EU continue according to the existing rules in place and every country would determine the social policies by its own or a new approach for unifying should be found in order to be used in the Union as a whole. A comparative analysis is prepared based on the historical experience for the new challenging factors in front of the labour force in Europe and the trends worldwide – negative growth of population, modernization and robotization of production, global network development (Internet), labour migration, etc., showing the new requirements to be met by the European working population in order to keep its competitiveness for the business environment. It is notified that there is a trend of future deeper integration in the social area within EU in order to balance the standard of living in all countries – richer or poorer, by unifying the social area standards.

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Мерки на Европейския съюз по бежанската криза

Author(s): Atanas Pavlov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Over the past almost three years, the European Union and Europe as a whole have been faced with the challenge of reaching an agreement on a number of issues regarding the largest migration movement since the Second World War – the so-called "refugee crisis". The set of measures includes actions to address the root causes of the crisis and a significant increase in humanitarian aid both within and outside the Union. One of the key aspects of the EU migration policy management, which is included in the European Migration Program of May 2015, is the hotspot approach. The European Commission has introduced the "hotspot" approach in order to support Greece and Italy as first-line members in coping with the significant increase in the number of irregular migrants arriving at their external borders for the period from 2015 to 2016. The aim of this approach is to provide operational support to Member States to ensure arriving migrants are identified, registered and fingerprinted, and channelled into the relevant follow-up procedures. To a greater extent, the hotspot approach can be seen as positive for improving migration management in both Member States by increasing their migrants reception capacity, enhancing registration procedures and consolidating efforts to coordinate operational assistance. However, setting them up took longer than planned. In Greece, four of the five planned hotspots were operational in March 2016, with the last one coming into operation by June 2016. In Italy, four out of six planned hotspots were operational in March 2016, and two additional hotpots were still in the process of being set up but not yet operational at the end of February 2017. Despite the considerable support from the EU, at the end of 2016 the reception facilities in both countries were not yet adequate to properly receive (Italy) or accommodate (Greece) the number of migrants arriving. There is still a shortage of adequate facilities to accommodate and process unaccompanied minors in line with international standards, both in the hotspots and at the next level of reception.

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