Bezpieczeństwo imprez masowych.

Author(s): Jerzy Zawisza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2013

Security is one of the most important needs of man since the immemorial times. At the moment, one of the areas of security is the security of mass events which regularly take place in many countries of the world. Poland is no exception in this area, in which each year these events come, they are sports, concerts, organized demonstrations, etc. As shown by the Polish experience of previous years and the experience of other countries in this regard, mass events are characterized by a multitude of people among the participants involve a number of risks, both for the participants and for those responsible for their safety. An important role is played by the organizers of these events, as well as state authorities responsible for the supervision and control resulting from the provisions of the law.

TAJNA WSPÓŁPRACA ZE SŁUŻBĄ BEZPIECZEŃSTWA: SZKIC TEORETYCZNY

Author(s): Daniel Wicenty / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2024

a study on secret collaboration with the Polish communist Secret Service is presented here and analysed in reference to theoretical modelling. I propose a definition of the collaboration, which is based on three categories (hiding actions, betrayal, and asymmetrical relations), and a relational understanding of secrecy and theoretical perspective rooted mainly in the microsociology of Georg Simmel’s secrecy in dyads and triads, Randall Collins’ interaction ritual and Erving Goffman’s strategic interaction. I also develop theses that identify the tensions arising from the creation of a false closeness and the generation of emotional energy, together with the development of an advantage in the relationship between the undercover collaborator and the SB officer.Fields in which the game of dominance take place are described in detail: the cognitive field, the emotional field, and those relating to power and structural holes. Some exemplary situations of failed secret collaboration are considered and some general typological proposals concerning informants are also suggested.

NIGDY NIE BYLIŚMY LIBERALNI?

Author(s): Anna Pazio / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

LEWICY NIE MA I NIE BĘDZIE, CZYLI DLACZEGO LEWICOWIEC GŁOSUJE NA PIS?

Author(s): Michał Rydlewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2024

The article briefly illustrates the political situation after the parliamentary elections in October 2023. It tries to explain and make more understandable political decisions, i.e. voting a person with leftist beliefs for the Law and Justice . Why is the voter of this party distrustful of a party with leftism in its name (New Left)?

Crowd Scenes in Péter Nádas’s Parallel Stories

Author(s): Anna Kenderesy / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The article examines the representation of the crowd in Péter Nádas’s Parallel Stories. In the plot, there are multiple scenes including the masses that highlight different features of the phenomenon. I argue that the 1956 Hungarian Revolution appears in the novel as a fundamental experience of society, influencing the nature of people’s gatherings even after its defeat. Firstly, I show that the characteristics of the swarm appear in the cooperation of people foraging for food during the revolution. However, the bread queue represents the extreme behaviour and the aggression of the acquisitive masses, whose collective action is always directed at acquiring something. Thereafter, I examine the representations of crowd panic in the basement scene of the 1956 cannonade and of the 1957 railway station gathering. Finally, I scrutinise two scenes with the seemingly liberated and intoxicated crowd. The analysis focuses on the relationship between the crowd and the individual, on the narrative representation of the crowd, on its influence on the participants’ perceptions, and the associated attributes.

“Crowds confined into phalansteries built from their own data, human mass regressed into a hedonistic infant body.”: Isolation and Crowd in László Garaczi’s Novel Weszteg

Author(s): Dorka Keresztury / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The article examines how László Garaczi’s Weszteg portrays isolation and mass formation in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. In the first part of my essay, I investigate the representation of the “quarantine state.” I argue that in the novel, technology deepens isolation instead of helping to connect with others. In the next section, I examine how the novel depicts the transformation of our relationship with “live” presence, physical proximity, and mass situations due to the pandemic and increasing technological mediation. As I show, physical contact with others and being in a crowd appear exclusively as inconvenient, frustrating, or threatening experiences in the novel. Thereafter, I analyze the dystopian images of violent, barbaric crowds in the text. I claim that they condense collective fears arising from the pandemic, and the novel sensitively points out the mechanisms of scapegoating in times of crisis. Finally, I argue that the novel also vividly portrays a mass experience that is not connected to physical presence. The “virtual crowd,” organized with the facilitation of mass media, is depicted as a multitude of lonely, isolated individuals. I scrutinize the characteristics of this crowd, as well as the role of biopolitical power and mass media—especially aggressive news streams—in organizing the masses and maintaining isolation.

KIM SĄ DEBIUTUJĄCY WYBORCY? POPARCIE UDZIELANE PRZEZ MŁODYCH WYBORCÓW W ELEKCJACH PARLAMENTARNYCH W POLSCE W LATACH 2011-2023

Author(s): Dawid Pieniężny / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2024

The 2023 parliamentary elections were characterised by a record turnout, especially of young people. There is a widespread belief that they were the ones who decided on the alternation of power and the creation of a majority by the hitherto opposition parties, at the expense of Law and Justice. Therefore, the author decided to check who the youngest voters are and whether it was indeed the ‘new’ voters who decided the electoral outcome and whether the way they voted differed from that presented by the youngest voters in 2011, 2015 and 2019. The analysis carried out in this way makes it possible to indicate the characteristics of debut voters, the trends existing in subsequent elections and to verify whether the 2023 parliamentary elections were indeed a breakthrough in the issue under study.

AKTYWNOŚĆ POLITYCZNA I PREFERENCJE POLITYCZNE MŁODYCH WYBORCÓW NA PRZYKŁADZIE BYDGOSKICH MATURZYSTÓW

Author(s): Izabela Kapsa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2024

This article addresses the issue of political activity and political preferences of young voters and contains the results of empirical research conducted in 2022-2023 among over three hundred students of the final grades of secondary schools in Bydgoszcz. It covers such detailed issues as: political views, attitudes towards specific political problems, interest in politics and political activity. The conclusions from the quantitati- ve analysis were discussed against the background of nationwide research relating to the discussed issues.

KOBIETY I POLITYKA. POGLĄDY PARTII KONFEDERACJA WOLNOŚĆ I NIEPODLEGŁOŚĆ W 2023 ROKU

Author(s): Kamil Wroński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2024

The article analyses the program of the Freedom and Independence Confederation party in terms of demands for women and examines the reasons for the party’s popularity among voters, including primarily among women. The party’s intended goal was to respond to the needs of the egoist turn in Poland and to target its messages to young people who care about low and simple taxes. The party’s politicians wanted to party voters to create an image of the Confederation as a party of rebellion and, by hiding controversial figures, to encourage people with views not only on the far right but also on the center-ri- ght. The article also discusses why the party failed to achieve its intended goal of a double- digit result in the 2023 parliamentary elections 2023.

Liberals Among Us: Socio-Demographic Determinants of Liberal Attitudes in Poland

Author(s): Radosław Marzęcki,Marcin Chmielowski,Kris Kaleta / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The authors of this article attempt to describe in detail the determinants and structure of the beliefs and views of Polish society on a liberal to anti-liberal values continuum. The first research objective was to determine the extent of social and economic freedom that respondents expect in their relations with others and in their relations with state institutions. In addition, the authors wanted to identify the socio-demographic characteristics that significantly differentiate these liberal orientations, as well as the factors that independently determine the adoption of liberal views. The detailed hypotheses were verified based on an analysis of data collected in a nationwide telephone survey (CATI) conducted on a representative sample of 1,000 adult Polish citizens. The survey used an original questionnaire consisting of 31 quantitative scales, which were used to construct the Liberalism/Libertarianism Index (LLI) and to categorize respondents into “Polish Liberals” and “Polish Libertarians.” Higher index values indicate stronger and more consistent liberal attitudes in economic as well as axiological (social) terms. More liberal orientations were found to be held by respondents declaring higher incomes, younger, better educated, and less religious, although only age, some party preferences, and religious practices act as independent predictors of LLI.

“Not The Economy, Stupid?” – Exploring the Potential Causes of a Future Polexit Departure from the EU

Author(s): Artur Roland Kozłowski,Grzegorz Krzykowski,Grahame FALLON / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This paper explores the economic and non-economic factors that could potentially lead to a Polish decision to remain within or leave the EU, following a future potential Polexit referendum. The study aims to determine the relative impact of Polish citizens’ values and attitudes on their support for their country’s continued EU membership and integration, at such a crucial time. The research is based on a survey conducted in December 2021, with a stratified sample of 1,517 respondents, and a statistical analysis of the findings. The results suggest that the relative importance of these factors could vary considerably, with economic factors potentially playing a less significant role than sociocultural and political elements. We argue that this projected outcome is likely to be influenced by citizens’ socio-demographic backgrounds, their perceived levels of economic security or insecurity, and differences in their economic and non-economic values, thereby creating potential opportunities for future populist Eurosceptic politicians in Poland to exploit, underlining the potential implications of these findings.

Populist Neo-Nationalism: The Example of Austria

Author(s): Maria Marczewska-Rytko / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

This article aims to analyze the phenomenon of populist neo-nationalism in Austria and answer the following research questions: 1. How can populism and its type of populist neo-nationalism be characterized?; 2. What are the determinants of populist neonationalism in Austria? 3. What are the ways populist neo-nationalism has been utilized in Austria? The Chantal Mouffe thesis was verified, according to which the development of populism is a response to the shortcomings of liberal and deliberative democracies. The research process used a methodology typical of the social sciences, especially the political sciences. Since the 1980s, we have addressed the growing importance of radical right-wing populism in European politics. Some researchers refer to this phenomenon as new populism or populist neo-nationalism. The party’s growing importance since 1986 was related, among other things, to the principles of Euroscepticism it proclaimed and its demands to limit or even ban immigration. The FPÖ’s achieved the most tremendous success under the government of Jörg Haider. Its entry into the ruling coalition has confused international relations.

PODMIOTY ŁADU PUBLICZNEGO I PROBLEM MANIPULACJI SEMANTYCZNYCH

Author(s): Dariusz Góra / Language(s): Polish Issue: 48/2024

This paper proposes a typology of entities of public order, including international governance, and argues in favor of the central role of free human persons in the architecture of public life. Attention is drawn to the difference between a morally qualified person and an officially registered statistical unit. In the face of contemporary semantic manipulations resulting from the substitution of natural communities by nurturing institutions, the need for precise use of conceptual categories is pointed out. Selected alternative proposals for dealing with institutional gigantomania and civilizational overstimulation are discussed, and in the Polish case, two attempts to manipulate national heritage, reported from the ideological positions of modernist imitation, are exposed.

Ożywianie antychorwackich resentymentów z II wojny światowej na podstawie wybranych wypowiedzi Aleksandra Vučicia

Author(s): Paweł Natorski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2023

Th e present article demonstrates the ways in which painful history and inter-state resentments are utilizedto construct a narrative. Th e author focuses on selected statements by Serbian president Aleksandar Vučićover the last 30 years to illustrate how such a procedure is conducted in practice. Th rough the analysis ofthe speeches, the author comes to the conclusion that the Serbian politician’s antipathy towards Croatians isstrenghtening his position in the country as a defender of national interest.

Usability of Mobile Control Room and CCTV Systems for Crowd Control at Large-Scale Events with the Occurrence of a Large Number of People With Focus on the Czech Republic

Author(s): Otomar Sláma,Martin Hrinko / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

This article deals with the issue of the use of modern instruments for crowd control, in particular the use of a mobile closed-circuit television system connected directly to the control room during largescale events. The article has two aims: to check the usability of this type of system especially from the perspective of increasing the safety of event visitors, and to identify the optimal technical solution for crowd monitoring and management and possible obstacles for deployment in the field. The article further focuses on the practical usability of the information obtained through the mobile camera system and the control centre for increasing the safety of event visitors from the perspective of security managers. The conducted investigation identified obstacles to the deployment of a mobile camera system as well as described the optimal parameters for the use of a mobile camera system, and it collected feedback from the security team participating in the security management of the event. The results of the contribution enable easier orientation in the selection of suitable hardware and software for crowd control; Key vulnerabilities in deploying mobile CCTV systems were identified, including issues such as data transmission stability over LTE networks and the financial costs of alternative solutions like satellite connections. Based on field testing and feedback from security teams, recommendations were made to improve the system’s effectiveness and adaptability, leading to more precise decision-making and proactive risk management at large-scale events.

An epidemic of man-made mass delusions

Author(s): Alen J Salerian / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This study reviews possible evidence of man-made mass delusions related to four Sentinel events in America. The study findings indicate commonly held public views of “No Genocide committed by allied forces during the second world war”, “Lee Harvey Oswald killed President Kennedy”, “Adam Lanza massacred 26 children and three adults at the Sandy Hook elementary school” and “9/11 tragedy was primarily caused by Moslem terrorists” seem to be false beliefs. Man-made mass delusions may delay progress by failure to learn from past errors. Political leaders and healthcare professionals should be warned about the adverse consequences of mass delusions. Adoption of scientific principles to study sentinel events is necessary.

Human Errors May Explain Prejudice of Mass Media against People with Autism

Author(s): Alen J Salerian / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

This study reviews the publications about the Sandy Hook massacre allegedly committed by an autistic man with history of Asperger’s disorder. We systematically reviewed the news about the Sandy Hook massacre. Despite the publicly available scientific evidence consistent with the inaccuracy of the alleged massacre the news media has continued to portray Adam Lanza as the mass murderer of 26 children and 3 adults. The evidence seems to support the need not only to further investigate the alleged Sandy Hook massacre but also to study the mass media’s failure to report the evidence based news about autistic spectrum disorders and the alleged Sandy Hook massacre. Physicians and public health officials should become familiar with mass delusions which promote prejudice against people with psychiatric disorders.

Kryzys religijności chrześcijan jako przyczynek zmian politycznych w Europie w latach 1991–2022

Author(s): Dawid Pieniężny / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

The crisis of religiosity among Christians, which has been evident for years in WesternEuropean countries such as France and the Benelux countries, is also reaching the countries of Centraland Eastern Europe. The decline in the number of believers implies the need to adapt the party systemand political parties to the new reality, in the face of changes in voter expectations. The research problemunderlying the article is the relationship between the crisis of Christian religiosity in Europe and changeswithin party systems and parties themselves in selected European countries. The research question is asfollows: ‘Is there a relationship between the crisis of Christian religiosity in Europe and changes withinthe party systems of these countries?’. The author arrives at interesting conclusions through a comparativeanalysis of the party systems of selected Western European countries and selected Central and EasternEuropean countries and an analysis of the changes in these systems over the years, as well as a criticalanalysis of survey research on the level of religiosity of their populations.

Prawicowy populizm w Szwecji – przykład Szwedzkich Demokratów

Author(s): SABINA DŁUGOSZ / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

The rise of populist groups has made it essential to analyse the dominant parties in modernEurope. Right-wing movements deserve particular attention in this case. The article addresses the issue ofSwedish right-wing populism, using the example of the governance of the Sweden Democrats. The waysof defining the indicated terms are discussed, considering the context of the 2022 parliamentary elections.The text provides an understanding of the strategies used by populist groups in Sweden and their impacton shaping public discourse, particularly in the growing importance of migration issues in Europe. Theconsiderations are based on how the issue of migration has been used to dominate the public sphere. Thestudy was prepared using a case study approach and content analysis. The aim was to analyse the vitalelectoral platforms of the Sweden Democrats. Both Polish- and foreign-language sources were used forthe research. The article examines how the populist right presents the migration issue and what measuresit employs to increase public support. The analysis shows that the key to the Sweden Democrats’ electoralvictory was a rebranding initiated by the party leadership in the 1990s and the presentation of clear andstraightforward goals to limit migration to Sweden.

Fighting for human rights: Collective action by actual and potential activists

Author(s): Carlo Pistoni,Daniela Marzana,Maura Pozzi / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2025

Studying collective action with activists is increasingly important due to the large number of social movements fighting for human rights. Many studies are only partly conducted with actual activists and studying both actual and potential activists is important to understand how to foster people’s engagement. This research aimed to test two different models of Collective Action (Social Identity Model of Collective Action and the Encapsulation Model of Social Identity in Collective Action) to better understand how models work using two different samples: 1) a group of activists who were already participating in a protest at the time (N = 155), and 2) a group of potential activists (N = 232). A questionnaire evaluating Social Identification, Moral Outrage and Collective Efficacy was administered. Results show the Encapsulation Model of Social Identity in Collective Action as the model that better explains relationships between variables in both samples. The “efficacy path” is shown as the better way to make people engaged. The discussion highlights the meaningful relevance of the findings for the future understanding and conceptualization of activism in order to develop effective recruitment campaigns.