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Problem molestowania seksualnego dzieci w Australii

Author(s): Andrzej Kobyliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The drama of child sexual abuse in Australia is a small part of a big phenomenon on a global scale. In 2013, the Federal Government in Canberra established the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, which analyzes the functioning of all the major Australian organizations for the protection of minors from various forms of sexual harassment. The Commission is still controlling more than 1,700 different kinds of institutions, in which cases of pedophilia occurred. The key issue in this dispute about child sexual abuse is a reliable philosophical argumentation, which draws attention to the moral evil of sexual relations between adults and children. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the phenomenon of pedophilia in Australia and to present the most important ethical aspects of child sexual abuse.

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Organizational and Socio-Organizational Mobbing Antecedents

Author(s): Katarzyna Durniat / Language(s): English Issue: 3.1/2015

The paper presents mobbing as a workplace pathology and correlates it with socioorganizational and organizational culture’s mobbing factors. The author refers to the results of her own research, which was conducted at the turn of the years 2007 and 2008, on a heterogeneous sample (N=465) of working population in Poland. The study was designed in a socio-organizational paradigm, paved by H. Leymann and his followers. The methodology was adjusted to the Polish socio-organizational and cultural context. Among the instruments used in the study there were: an original Polish tool for measuring mobbing called SDM Questionnaire, a number of socio-organizational scales and the Rosenstiel and Bögel’s Questionnaire measuring organizational climate, adopted to the Polish culture. All the methods used have very good statistical parameters and are reliable psychometric instruments. The research results indicate that mobbing in the workplace appears in a specific socioorganizational climate and culture, characterised mostly by poor flow of information, inappropriate communication, invalid task allocation and pervading organizational chaos. Moreover, some „hard” organizational variables proved to be significant for mobbing prevalence. The original research results are compared to similar findings from other European countries.

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Mobbing dynamics and consequences

Author(s): Katarzyna Durniat / Language(s): English Issue: 3.3/2015

In this paper the author explains psychological mobbing dynamics and presents selected results of her own mobbing research – especially those demonstrating the consequences of workplace harassment experience. The empirical results discussed in the paper come from the author’s own mobbing research projects, which have been conducted in Poland during the span of the last decade, always on heterogeneous samples of the Polish working population. In all the authors’ studies the SDM Questionnaire was employed, which is an originally Polish, validated and normalized psychometric tool for diagnosing mobbing. The research results described in this paper are indicative of a strong correlations between experiencing workplace mobbing and poor psychological and psycho-somatic state of the mobbing victims. Moreover, workplace harassment leads to some other negative and long-lasting consequences, both on individual as well as organizational level. Mobbing, being one of the most prevalent and severe workplace stressors and interacting with other social and work environment factors, has a significant and damaging effect on the employees’ job satisfaction, task fulfilment, organizational climate and employees’ efficacy. Nevertheless, despite being so prevalent and damaging for organizations and individuals, the mobbing pathology is very often misunderstood by the employers and managers, as well as the employees themselves.

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Bezpieczeństwo jednostki w obliczu współczesnych zagrożeń

Author(s): Agnieszka Stępień-Trela / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6.1/2015

The modern definition of the concept of security has widened. A catalog of threats has also developed. Modernly beside war this catalog has also been expanded to terrorism, cybercrime, environmental risks. Fight with then requires the cooperation of the entire international community. The aim of this article is present knowledge of treats, methods struggle of them. Author used available source materials, foreign and Polish literature.

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Założenia do opracowania systemu ewakuacji i ratowania poszkodowanych podczas klęsk żywiołowych z wykorzystaniem technologii zdalnego pomiaru parametrów życiowych

Author(s): Ryszard Grosset,Wojciech Jarosz,Karina Jarosławska-Kolman,Małgorzata Ciuka-Witrylak,Marcin Łapicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5.3/2016

For the health and lives of people in the danger zone, they correspond to the rescuers, mostly firefighters. Their chief mission is to master the threat in terms of qualified first aid and emergency medical evacuation of vulnerable people out of the dangerous area. Depending on qualifications, in the first place, there should be made activities in the field of qualified assistance in the airway patency and protection, as well as plugging external bleeding. In case of difficulty in defining the final range and a high degree of impact factor dangerous to assume that there is a threat to the lives of all affected. Due to the lack of a real possibility of the actual prioritized aid, the priority is to evacuate victims to a safe zone. According to the idea, the most important aspect of the fight against natural disasters is to minimize human and material losses. Currently implemented are warning systems and broad public education on the prevention and mitigation of disasters and behavior of their occurrence. The missing link in the chain of survival, which would improve the conduct of activities in the areas covered by largescale disaster, is to implement a monitoring system for the victims and rescue teams in the zone of influence.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL EXCLUSION (OSTRACISM) AND INTERNET ADDICTION OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS

Author(s): Aynur Bagir,Oguz Emre,Hatice Birgul Cumurcu,Ayşegül Ulutas / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This study aims to investigate the relationship between Internet addiction and social exclusion in female adolescents. The relational screening method was used in the study. The sample group of the study consisted of 244 female adolescents aged 12-18 living in Cinar district of Diyarbakir. To determine the exclusion of adolescents in social relations, the Social Exclusion Scale for adolescents has been used as a data collection tool. Besides, Young Internet addiction Short Form developed by Young (1998) which is the short form created by Pawlikowski, Altstotter-Gleich & Brand (2013) and adapted to Turkish by Kutlu, Savci, Demir and Aysan (2016) has been used to test adolescents' internet addiction. Independent groups t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn-Bonferroni test, and Spearman correlation analysis were used for data analysis. According to the results of the study, it was found that there was no statistically significant relationship between exclusion score averages and an average of Internet addiction scores (p> 0.05).

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Sarajevo: A Spivak Interpretation

Author(s): Dania Jaser / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Review of the war documentary "Miss Sarajevo" and the tragedy of the double-bind position of the subaltern.

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Consecințe psihosociale ale fenomenului de bullying școlar. Cercetare calitativă în liceele orădene

Author(s): Floare Chipea,Ioana Sîrbu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 03+04/2017

This study represents an analysis of the bullying phenomenon, seen as a specific adolescence behaviour by most of the experts, with strong influences on pupils’ personality development. For this reason it cannot be ignored or tolerated by the social actors who are involved in the education process. The act of bullying is noted as an aggression subdivision, that seeks to assert power through physical, psychological or social harm, in direct or indirect ways. Physical violence is not a condition for a bullying act to be classified as such. There are also verbal, relational, psychological, social, and relational types of bullying. The roles taken over by the actors in the bulling act are the perpetrator, the victim, the active spectators, the passive spectators and the defending witnesses. This paper will present a qualitative sociological research in the secondary schools in Oradea. It focuses on the characteristics of the main actors involved in bullying (the aggressor and the victim). We will also suggest anti-bullying programs and practices in schools, on the basis of interviews and a focus group with specialists.

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CYBERBULLYING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TEENAGE VICTIMS: EXPERIENCING, EXPERIENCES, CONSEQUENCES AND POSSIBILITIES OF ELIMINATION OF THIS PHENOMENON IN DIGITAL SPACE

Author(s): Vladimíra Hladíková / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The paper deals with the issue of electronic bullying and has the character of a theoretical-empirical study. The main aim of the paper is to point out cyberbullying as a negative phenomenon of electronic communication and to define the context of cyberbullying from the perspective of victims and their experiencing, in particular, to specify and define the concrete experiences, consequences, and possibilities of eliminating this phenomenon. In the paper the hermeneutic and phenomenological method was used in the theoretical part, the results of the quantitative questionnaire research are presented in the empirical part. The first part of the paper defines the basic theoretical foundations of cyberbullying, especially its victims and their definition from various author’s approaches. The core of the paper is a chapter focusing on the acquired data related to real experiences and experiencing of victims. In the conclusion, the prevention activities are emphasized, which can represent a significant factor in the process of elimination of cyberbullying on the whole society level.

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Kosaken zwischen Tatendrang und Rechtfertigungsdruck. Ordnungsvorstellungen einer Gewaltgemeinschaft im Kontext von Konkurrenz und Gewaltkultur

Author(s): Daria Starčenko / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2011

Even if we are still awaiting a ‘violent turn’ in the historical studies, it has already become impossible to keep track of the plethora of publications on the subject of violence. Nevertheless, the phenomenon of collective violence has remained largely unexamined, in spite of the fact that violence is predominantly a social phenomenon. According to Heinrich Popitz, the power to kill (latent and manifest) is a determinant of all forms of societal living. As Popitz somewhat provocatively puts it, there is no all-embracing social order which is based on the premise of non-violence. In this paper I examine the loosely constructed concepts of order in the organised “Community of Violence” which was the social group of Polish-Lithuanian Cossacks, in the context of their (violent) actions, and I explore the example of the Cossack rebellion of 1637/38, which was marked by a struggle for superiority between the various groups of Cossacks. In consequence, the pivotal question which arises is that on the significance of violence and competition in the social cohesion and power structures of the Cossacks. The starting point is the observation that the social phenomena of physical violence are conveyed to the outside world both by the actions and by the ideas of the perpetrators of violence. This article traces the strategies used to justify and legitimise the violence carried out by its perpetrators, and elaborates upon the values and conceptions which they manifest. Thus it will become apparent that this organised “Community of Violence” constructed ready-made interpretations of their own (violent) actions in order, for their own ends, to impose limits on the range of possible attributions, and to position themselves as positive participants in violent events. From the perspective of the organised “Community of Violence” of the Polish-Lithuanian Cossacks, violence was highly regarded a means of securing civil order.

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COMPENSATION RIGHTS OF THE VICTIMS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES IN THE COURT PRACTICE

Author(s): Aneta Arnaudovska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Victims of the trafficking in human beings suffer severe violation of their rights such as their body, psychological and emotional integrity, their freedom of movement and expression, property rights. They are most often deprived from their belongings and earnings; they are subject to threats to their lives and lives of their families. Compensation rights are the substance of the victim-based and human rights approach in the national human trafficking policies in line with the international documents. For these reasons, judges and prosecutors should have a solid knowledge on international and national legal framework on the compensation rights so that the investigation bodies could collect and preserve enough relevant evidence for court adjudication of the just compensation to the victims. There are some obstacles and problems in the court practice which will be presented, as well as a few proposals on how to reduce them in the criminal procedure. Good practices are developed in some states where the victims are compensated by state run funds that are continuously filled by the assets confiscated from the convicted perpetrator. Much more has to be done regarding the efficient and effective compensation of the damage suffered by the victim.

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PSYCHOSOCIAL CONSEQUENCES ON REFUGEE CHILDREN: IS RECOVERY POSSIBLE?

Author(s): Dragana Batić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The experience of stress and anxiety, which are part of the life of refugee children, are visible in their behavior, body symptoms, as well as emotional reactions. Children are especially sensitive and their reactions depend on the manner in which they perceive the adults in their environment, mostly parents. Studies show that, if we want to analyze children reactions resulting from traumatic experiences such as war and resettlement, we need to take into consideration their environment, especially their family. This paper will make mention of studies which analyze the post-traumatic reactions of refugee children. It will also analyze stress reduction programs, in other words, psychosocial interventions which help in reducing the severe consequences of the process of socialization in critical situations caused when the children were refugees. The focus is put on the possibility that psychosocial intervention may reduce the consequences caused by stressful situations, to help children to analyze their internal experiences, to conduct their own activities in the environment and to offer their parents psychological support to reorganize their family and the relationships with their refugee children. A psychosocial group intervention with refugee children in which the author participated is also described.

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Povodom trećeg dijela “Žrtvoslova bošnjačkog stanovništva s područja općine Gračanica”

Author(s): Omer Hamzić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 49/2020

On the occasion of publishing the third part of the list of the murdered victims during the Second World War from the municipality/town of Gračanica, the author reminds of the beginning of this project and the birth of the very idea for this investigation. It is pointed out that in the past, during the time of Socialist Yugoslavia only the names of those who died on the “right side” were mentioned and publicly remembered, as partisan fighters, as well as civilian victims of the occupier and his henchmen – all according to the dominant ideological and political framework. Although the author was already active in the research of the Second World War during that period, he had no idea about the real numbers of victims. The true proportions only became clear later, when he had the opportunity to investigate some of the individual lists of victims for the villages of Džakule and Prijeko Brdo. This prompted him to assemble a team of researchers and to collect data in a similar way for all other villages in the area – the then municipality, and nowadays town of Gračanica. According to the published preliminary results more than half of the total number of victims lost their lives at the very end of the war, in events that are historiographically referred to as the Bleiburg massacre.

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Žrtvoslov bošnjačkog stanovništva s područja općine/grada Gračanica

Author(s): Omer Hamzić,Edin Šaković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 49/2020

The third part of “The list of Bosniak victims from the area of the municipality of Gračanica” presents data on the victims of the Second World War from the city area, the town (local community) of Gračanica. Based on a partially conducted survey and The third part of “The list of Bosniak victims from the area of the municipality of Gračanica” presents data on the victims of the Second World War from the city area, the town (local community) of Gračanica. Based on a partially conducted survey and data collection by the method of oral history, registry books and several archives sources as well as the existing partial lists, a complete list of 227 victims was complied. Much of the data are incomplete and insufficiently verified, while the sources often provide contradictory information. We publish the list as working material with hope that it will encourage further collection of new data, as well as the verification and correction of the existing information.

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OBSESSIVE NACHSTELLUNG (STALKING) ALS THEMA VON JUDITH HERMANN'S ALLER LIEBE ANFANG (2014)

Author(s): Beata Gorycka / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2019

Stalking is a form of non-normative behavior. A stalker obsessively forces contact with the victim and tries to take control over them. This threatening behavior is often linked with rampant erotic fantasies. Judith Hermann, dubbed into a leading Fräuleinwunder writer since the publication of her first two collections of short stories, describes this phenomenon from the victim's perspective in her only novel to date, Aller Liebe Anfang (Where love begins, 2014). The relationship between the protagonist, her husband, and the stalker irritates the reader, who stays confused to the very last page. The stalker enters the life of a lonely woman, bearing the promise of what she craves for attention end escape from the monotony of daily routine. Danger ensues, casting a shadow over the protagonist's maniage. The thickening atmosphere is finally released with a scene of violence. Hermann's writing does not conform to the conventions of black and white painting: the boundaries between norm and non-norm are blurred.

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Social Policy Heritage of the UN and European Countries Related to Elderly Persons

Author(s): Miomira P. Kostić,Darko Dimovski / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2019

In every developed social system, the prevention of discrimination and victimization of elderly persons is one of the most important indicators of the overall status and social position of this vulnerable social group. In the specific circumstances of the social environment, the social position of elderly persons is largely determined by their specific living circumstances, their status of unemployed (retired) persons, as well as by the fact that they may be perceived as an economical, emotional and social burden to the younger generations. Yet, it is a matter of fact that all active (currently employed) persons will eventually become part of the inactive (retired) population. Elderly persons have already given their contribution to society and social progress, which entitles them to expect assistance and protection from society during the “third” and “fourth” periods of their lives. If young persons have the power to make decisions and lead society, they also have the power to exert significant impact on the social position and quality of life of the elderly, and thus contribute to improving the quality of their own future. The issue of victimization of the elderly is usually associated with a high “dark number”.

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Armenia’s track record on criminalising domestic violence

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Armenia’s track record on criminalising domestic violence

Author(s): Valentina Gevorgyan / Language(s): English Issue: 05 (43)/2020

Domestic violence, according to the United Nations, is recognised as a violation of the fundamental human rights of women. Armenia has subscribed to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) (1979), became a party to the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (1995) for the advancement of women, and took commitments in the scope of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SCG), where gender equality and empowerment of all women stands as a separate goal. While the CEDAW provides general principles for upholding the rights of women, the primary international document and the main benchmarks allowing the evaluation of countries’ performance when it comes to protections against domestic violence, are set by the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence. Armenia signed the Convention in 2018 and, due to ample obstacles, has so far failed in ratification.

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Cyberbullying prevention and intervention programs - are they enough to reduce the number of online aggressions?

Author(s): Elena Zavoianu,Ion Ovidiu Pânișoară / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Aim. In order to provide a complete image of this phenomenon in the world and how different countries are dealing with it, I analysed some reasearch regarding the methods of prevention and intervention in cyberbullying that they have adopted. Methods. After studying the programs implemented in other countries, I counducted a research on 22 psychologists from Romania in order to find out their oppionions about these programs. Conclusions. The results of this research study showed that the intervention and prevention programs adopted by different countries are esential in reduction of the cyberbullying cases, but these programs have to be combined with personalised intervention.

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Traumatic bonding in intimate partner violence: A Relational Family Therapy approach

Author(s): Barbara Simonič,Elżbieta Osewska / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2019

Intimate partner violence is defined as a form of violence where, in an intimate relationship, physical or psychological acts of violence are committed by a partner or spouse against the other partner or spouse. All of these actions are accompanied by extremely emotional dynamics, which is paradoxical, as we would expect that with the gravity of abusive and violent acts the victims will understand the need for self-protection and appropriate measures. There is a strong emotional bond between the victim and the abuser, which authors call traumatic bonding. It is an emotional dependence between two people in a relationship that is characterized by the feelings of intense connectedness, cognitive distortion and behavioural strategies of both individuals that paradoxically strengthen and maintain the bond, which is reflected in a vicious cycle of violence. The termination of such a relationship or the departure from it, because of the activation of attachment system, seems risky, since the victim seeks refuge in the state of perceived danger, but experiences that - after the outbreak of violence calms down - the refuge is paradoxically offered by the bully. Here we can recognize a pattern of dysfunctional affect regulation that falsely calms difficult (basic) affects and maintains a violent relationship. From the viewpoint of Relational Family Therapy, it is therefore necessary for victims that after breaking off a violent relationship or leaving it they face their painful basic affects and develop proper regulation of these, otherwise they will remain committed to this kind of relationship. Using the case study method, the paper describes the case of a client after she left a violent intimate relationship, with an emphasis on the demonstration of traumatic bonding dynamics and the resolution of their consequences in Relational Family Therapy.

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The complexities of managing gendered violence in an English probation setting

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The complexities of managing gendered violence in an English probation setting

Author(s): Rachel Goldhill / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Examined in this article are two cases of women who have committed offences causing serious harm to others. Responses from probation practitioners are explored in the context of the women also being viewed as victims of extreme, long-term abuse and subsequent trauma. Organisational pressures and practitioners’ personal values are analysed to see in what ways interventions attempt to balance individuals’ offending and victimisation aspects, whilst also being mindful of traumatising effects of the criminal justice system itself and the impact on practitioners.

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