Колко е важно да бъдеш честен. Към историята на българската икономическа култура 1879 – 1944 г.

Author(s): Pencho D. Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2020

The article presents an analysis of honesty as an important aspect of the Bulgarian economic culture. The focus is on the transition from the Bulgarian Revival to the nation state and the subsequent period 1879 – 1944. The main conclusions are synthesized in two hypotheses. The first is that the transition from Ottoman rule to an independent nation-state is associated with a decline of honesty and integrity in economic life. The second hypothesis points to the low level of honesty and mutual trust in relations between economic agents on the one hand and between economic agents and the state on the other as one of the important reasons for the lack of visible and long-lasting economic success in Bulgaria during the period 1879 – 1944.

Испанският кралски устав (1834 – 1836)

Author(s): Iva Yaneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2020

El Estatuto Real is a piece of legislation passed in the Spanish monarchy in 1834, representing a “donated” charter, which does not derive from the principle of national sovereignty, but on the contrary – represents the benevolence of the monarch to his subordinates. Although the text of the decree lacks a description of the rights of the population, does not contain a clear and comprehensive definition of the prerogatives of the various authorities, it should be noted that it puts an end to the theoretical principles and ideological statements of the Ancient Régime. Thе article analyzes this document, which presents the moderate liberal views, and in our opinion is an elegant attempt to strike a balance between the traditional principles, institutions and attitudes of the Catholic monarchy, while presenting Spanish society the opportunity to begin building a limited monarchy where the principles of liberalism are largely imposed.

Nationalization of the Russian Army on the Romanian Front in 1917 – 1918

Author(s): Artem Papakin / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2020

At the end of 1917 and the beginning of 1918, the process of the nationalization of army units took place on the Romanian Front of the Russian army. In conditions of army disintegration, in order to keep the front fighting against the Central Powers, the Russian Command planned to create two Ukrainian, two Polish, one Muslim corps, as well as Belarusian, Lithuanian, Moldovan, and Siberian military units. During the nationalization of troops on the Romanian Front, the entire corps and divisions, as well as smaller military units were given over to Ukrainization, Polonization, Muslimization, etc. Based on archival documents, the article identifies the numbers of major military units, smaller units and subdivisions intended for nationalization, and traces the course of nationalization. The causes of failures of the nationalization process were determined, and the fates of the nationalized formations of the Romanian Front were traced.

Документални свидетелства за годината на раждане на Васил Левски

Author(s): Grigor Boykov,Plamen Mitev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

Bulgarian historiography did not find to date a documentary source based evidence that firmly establishes 6 July 1837 as the birth date of Vasil Levski. Therefore, other hypotheses placing the birth of Levski in 1846 or 1843 have lately been put forward. The present article examines data from the population registers of Karlovo, kept in the Ottoman archives in Istanbul, and argues that 1840 is Vasil Levski’s most probable birth date.

Свищовските търговци предприемачи през Възраждането: опит за просопографски портрет

Author(s): Ivaylo Naydenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The aim of the text is to create a prosopographical portrait of the merchant-entrepreneurs from the Danubian town of Svishtov during the Bulgarian National Revival period. I will shed light on merchants’ family background, education, individual qualities, etc. Most of the merchants were born in Svishtov. On the other hand, there are persons who fled from their native places and settled down in Svishtov. Some of them chose to settle in Svishtov in order to find better prospects for professional realization and peaceful life. Often these people are not highly educated, although there are some exceptions. Despite the lack of high and/or specialized education, they compensate with their individual qualities such as natural intelligence, resourcefulness, diligence, perseverance and honesty. They used “strategic marriages” to preserve, and to extend their wealth. They created entrepreneurial networks through which exchanged information with their relatives, acquaintances and friends. They used commercial and personal letters. Some of them were fluent in foreign languages. They used different kinds of commercial ledgers. They managed to benefit from the advantages brought to them by the economic situation in the 18th and 19th centuries. All of them participate, according to their abilities, in the public life of their native Svishtov.

O budowaniu państwa

Author(s): Maja Biernacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

This essay is dedicated to a book written by Tomasz Rawski titled "Boszniacki nacjonalizm. Strategie budowania narodu po 1995 roku" (Eng.: "Bosniac nationalism. Nation-building strategies after the year 1995") which was published by Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar in the year 2019. Basing on an analysis of contemporary politics of memory in Bosnia and Herzegovina relating to the 1992–1995 war, the author presents two antagonistic nation-building strategies.

За деня на раждане на Васил Левски

Author(s): Vidin Sukarev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The article concerns the recently published study by Plamen Mitev and Grigor Boykov about the year of birth of the Bulgarian national hero Vasil Levski. The authors firmly established 1840 instead of hitherto accepted 1837. The new evidences about the birth year of Levski require also a revision of the birth day. The article proposes that the Apostle of Freedom was born on 9/21 of July 1840.

Нови данни за дюлгерите, работили в Копривщица през XIX век

Author(s): Svetlana Muhova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The article introduce poorly researched or completely unknown documents, revealing many unknown data about the builders of public buildings in Koprivshtitsa in the period 1817 – 1858. The obscurity of the information contained in this rich source material, creates a great void in our knowledge and sometimes leads to repeated inaccurate or unreliable information, based on uncertain memoirs. The article present the data from the documents containing the names of the people who created wonderful examples of the Bulgarian Revival architecture in Koprivshtitsa in the XIX century.

Един различен поглед към морското образование в България

Author(s): Tina Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

Ранномодерна Европа: граници и противоречия

Author(s): Lubomir Krastev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

Участие на дружини от състава на 11-и маршеви полк в боевете за овладяването на укрепените позиции в района на град Мачин през януари 1917 г.

Author(s): Manush Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

The study is devoted to little-known facts related to the participation and contribution of the troops of the 11th Marching Regiment to the victory achieved in the battles for control of the heavily fortified area in the Machin. The data presented come to fill the gap in the researches regarding the participation of the marching formations and in particular of the 11th Marching Regiment in the battles as part of the 3rd Army. The presented information helps to clarify and supplement the general picture of the events on the front, by revealing specific details of the course of the hostilities, which so far have not fallen within the scope of attention of the scientific community. Also, a good basis is created for the formation of reasonable conclusions about the significance of the achieved victory. Archival materials have been put into circulation, which reveal new facts about the battles in the Dobrudzha region. The presented brief information about the marching regiments and the combat history of the regiment helps to clarify the nature and purpose of these units, taking into account the fact that the available information about them is more than modest and insufficient. The presented data are entirely based on materials from the State Military Historical Archives – Veliko Tarnovo.

A Bulgarian Student in Early XX Century Ukraine: Study, Lifestyle and Challenges

Author(s): Аndrii Chutkyi / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The paper discusses the life of Konstantin Nikolov, a Bulgarian from the town of Gorna Oryahovitsa, during his study at the Kyiv Institute of Commerce (1909 – 1915). The very “insignificance” of this person allows for some wider generalizations, given the fact that precisely such people best reflect the society as a whole. For this reason, the study of ordinary people’s biographies has become an important focus of modern historiography. Nikolov’s student years illustrate some aspects of contemporary Bulgarian history and exemplify the experience of Bulgarian students in the Russian Empire before and during the World War I. The present study is based on archive materials previously untapped by scholars. It also involves some documents relative to Svitozar Drahomanov, who was of Ukrainian origin but spent his childhood in Bulgaria and studied at the Kyiv Institute of Commerce along with Nikolov, as well as documents regarding a trip to Bulgaria by Czesław Madej, another student of the same institute. The study demonstrates that archives of different Kyiv-based higher educational institutions should be explored for more valuable materials regarding Bulgarian born students, which may help draw a fuller picture of Bulgarian-Ukrainian relations in the field of education and culture. This, in turn, will contribute to a deeper understanding of the history of Ukrainian higher education in the early 20thcentury. It will also provide a wider perspective on the phenomenon of Bulgarians studying abroad before and during the World War I, including the life situations of the students during this period which proved crucial for the whole European civilization.

Нови щрихи към портрета на цар Фердинанд

Author(s): Aleka Strezova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

Най-добрият опит „Oпит за история…“ на д-р Симеон Табаков да стигне до своите съвременни читатели

Author(s): Ivan Rusev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

Tabakov, S., 2020. Opit za istoria na grad Sliven, Vol. I (third edition), Sofia:BARAKA, pp. 732

Budowanie narodów na peryferiach socjalistycznej Jugosławii (1945–1974): Macedonia, Czarnogóra, Bośnia i Hercegowina

Author(s): Tomasz Rawski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The article discusses the emergence and early development of three South-East European nationalisms: Macedonian, Montenegrin and Muslim/Bosniak, all of which were born as mass phenomena only in the second half of the 20th century. The author argues that the first three decades of the socialist Yugoslavia (1945–1974) should be considered crucial to these three nation-building processes because in this period not only the social conditions necessary for the mass production and reception of the modern national ideas were created, but also the respective national cultures were institutionalized, either fully (Macedonian) or partially (Montenegrin, Muslim/Bosniak).

Браничевското владение на братята Дърман и Куделин

Author(s): Tervel Popov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2021

In 1273 or about 1280 the brothers Darman and Kudelin, nobles of Bulgarian-Kuman origin, take over the Branichevo region from the Hungarian Kingdom. Their small principality very soon became stronger. Darman and Kudelin paid little attention to their neighbours due to their strong army, numerous mercenaries and strong fortresses. On several occasions the brothers defeated and fought off Hungarians and also beat the Hungarian vassal Stephan Dragutin. When however their enemies united their forces the two Branichevo nobles could not stand their enemy offensive and sought refuge in the North of the Danube. The fall of the Branichevo principality represented a loss not only for Darman and Kudelin but also for Bulgaria due to the fact that for centuries Bulgarian Tsardom had ruled over the Branichevo region.

Formation of the Historical Memory of the Bulgarian Minority of Ukraine (1991 – 2020): Actors, Narratives and Commemoration

Author(s): Sergii Pakhomenko,Olga Sarajeva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Nearly three centuries have passed since Bulgarian migrants appeared on the territory of contemporary Ukraine. They had to leave their historic homeland due to the strengthening of control of the Ottoman administration over all spheres of life of Bulgarians in the metropolis, as well as the intensification of the Russian-Turkish military confrontation, which drastically affected the economic, social, and cultural situation of the Bulgarian population. The Bulgarians, settled down on the Ukrainian lands, became an integral part of the multi-ethnic Ukrainian society, though fell victim to the assimilation policy of the Soviet period. Bulgarians are undergoing a period of national and cultural revival in the independent Ukraine, which is intimately linked to the process of recovering the historical memory of Ukrainian Bulgarians, restoring the pantheon of national heroes, memorable dates, and revival of traditional culture. In this connection, the researches dedicated to the analysis of the process of formation of the historical memory of the Bulgarian community in modern Ukraine are of particular relevance. The authors emphasize the difference between the two main groups of the Bulgarian community on the territory of Ukraine – Bessarabian and Azov (Taurida) Bulgarians, which is reflected in a reassessment of the role of the migration of ancestors of modern Ukrainian Bulgarians from the metropolis as well as in a monopolization of objects of national and cultural heritage by certain organizations, etc.

Научна конференция (24 – 25.09.2021 г.) и том VI на „Известия на Центъра за стопанско-исторически изследвания“, посветени на темата „Предприемачеството в историческа перспектива“

Author(s): Emilia Vacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

Писател и учен. Архиерей и държавник. 180 години от рождението на Васил Друмев – Климент Браницки и Търновски

Author(s): Petko St. Petkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

On the basis of published sources and original documents from the Scientific Archive of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, the Central State Archive, the Bulgarian Historical Archive at the National Library „St. Cyril and St. Methodius” and the State Archives – Ruse, the views and activities of Vasil Drumev – Kliment Branitski and Turnovski (1841 – 1901) are analyzed. He is one of the brightest personalities in the modern history of Bulgaria: a participant in the First Bulgarian Legion in 1862, a notable writer, one of the founders of the Bulgarian Literary Society in 1869, and after 1878 – a respected bishop, active public figure and statesman. Kliment participated in extremely important moments in the modern history of Bulgaria: the adoption of the Turnovo Constitution, the election of Prince Alexander I, the state building of the young principality, the struggle to restore the constitutional order 1881 – 1883, diplomatic protection of the Union 1885, restoration of relations with Russia and the international recognition of the Bulgarian prince in 1895 – 1896.

Социални характеристики на българското свещеничество в Разложка каза в началото на ХХ в.

Author(s): Stanislava Stoytcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The study examines the social characteristics of the clergy in the kaza (region) of Razlog in the early twentieth century. Based on the register of local parish priests from 1910, the main socio-economic indicators of the clergy are traced: age, marital status, ordination circumstances, years of service, church hierarchy, origin and heredity of the profession, education, parish size, annual income. The regional peculiarities of the clergy in the context of the general data on the Bulgarian priests in Macedonia in the beginning of the XX century are outlined.