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Hasła ekologiczne – od ulicznego transparentu do viralu

Author(s): Agnieszka Anna Niekrewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The article presents the results of a linguistic and stylistic analysis of 500 Polish-language slogans used during street protests of the Youth Climate Strike in years 2019-2020. The primary goal of the study was to show the treatments that transform street slogans into viral content and internet memes spread on social media. The analysis determined the constructs of the sender and receiver used, types of speech acts, rhetorical figures, mechanisms of language games and intertextual references.

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Między powielaniem istniejących wzorów i onimiczną inwencją – w kontekście pragmatyczno-funkcjonalnych zastosowań nazw marketingowych

Author(s): Adam Siwiec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The article is concerned with two contradictory tendencies in naming objects associated with consumption, i.e., in proper names with marketing application. The first tendency is to introduce names coined according to a pattern (a model series) and a variety of semiotic conventions. The other one is to strive for uniqueness, originality and onymic inventiveness. The latter is especially common in names used as messages and marketing slogans. Their advertising function is coupled with the desire to render them more attractive and attention-gripping based on their linguistic shape.

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Nazwy nowych inwestycji mieszkaniowych w Poznaniu i na przedmieściach Poznania

Author(s): Agnieszka Kijak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The article presents names of residential investments located in the capital of Wielkopolska and in its suburbs. The onomastic material was excerpted from the web sites: https:// rynekpierwotny.pl/ and https://bliskopoznania.pl/. The author of the article made an attempt to classify and analyze names of 240 residential investments. The analysis shows that Polish (native), foreign and mixed names can be distinguished in terms of structure. Also, the presented names can be divided into semantic groups. The excerpted material is dominated by names based on existing street names and names of villages and towns. An important group comprises characterizing names, especially referring to nature and based on metaphors. Moreover, noteworthy are ambiguous and intertextual names as well as names whose role is related to expressions encouraging people to buy a flat in a chosen investment.

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Stan badań nad socjolektem piłkarskim (przegląd literatury polskojęzycznej) – część druga

Author(s): Wojciech Żęgota / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

Poniższy artykuł stanowi drugą część podsumowania stanu badań nad socjolektem piłkarskim. Jak zaznaczyłem w części pierwszej, moim nadrzędnym celem jest próba całościowego scharakteryzowania tej środowiskowej odmiany języka polskiego. Nie będzie to jednak możliwe bez uprzedniego dokonania przeglądu polskojęzycznej literatury, która powstała na ten temat. Uwagi metodologiczne i terminologiczne zostały poczynione we wstępie do poprzedniego artykułu (Żęgota 2021: 303–305), dlatego teraz mogę przystąpić do referowania kolejnych publikacji poświęconych socjolektom piłkarskim.

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Pogranicza oficjalności i nieoficjalności w korespondencji elektronicznej nauczycieli

Author(s): Anna Piechnik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The article presents the area on the fringes of the official and unofficial styles in electronic correspondence sent by teachers to parents. The research material consists of e-mails sent by 112 teachers to multiple addressees – groups of parents of students from over a dozen schools at various levels of education. For the purposes of the study, a survey on teachers’ electronic communication was also conducted in 2022 among 370 educators. In the questionnaires, teachers declared their attention to adapting the linguistic shape of an electronic letter to the patterns known from traditional official paper correspondence (including the use of initial and final formal polite formulas or signing their messages with name and surname). E-mailing was considered the most common form of contact with parents, a form which required special care for the linguistic side of the text. Authentic texts of e-mails show that the actual outcomes diverge considerably from teachers’ declarations. The politeness frame of the scrutinized e-mails rarely contains official formulas, and the traditional distance typical of contacts between parties remaining in a formal relationship is also broken with the use of colloquial vocabulary and emoticons. The teachers’ statements indicate that electronic letters addressed to parents with whom the contact is difficult remain more official, while they are more willing to send messages without official markers to groups of parents who are friendly. This may point to a new function of officiality which denotes deprecation, and a different evaluation of this category, diverging from the traditional one.

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Bibliografia „Prac Językoznawczych” za lata 2018–2022

Author(s): Katarzyna Witkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

Bibliography of “Papers in Lingusitics” for the years 2018–2022. „Prace Językoznawcze” tom XX/1.

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За правописа на словосъчетания като мениджър човешки ресурси

Author(s): Lora Zheleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The text discusses spelling difficulties encountered in expressions such as мениджър човешки ресурси (human resources manager), специалист обучения (training expert), такса поддръжка (maintenance fee). The spelling variations stem from the use of quotation marks and capitalisation, on the one hand, or a comma or a dash, on the other. A possible reason for these variations may be the lack of a preposition, which makes the expressions sound atypical for the Bulgarian language. It is, therefore, recommended to use a preposition: мениджър по човешки ресурси, специалист по обучения, такса за поддръжка.

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Фразеологизми са соматизмом nyak/врат у мађарском и српском језику

Author(s): Snežana Hasanagić Đorđin / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 54/2023

Phrasemes represent unuversal, timeless truths based on human experience. As the first human experience is based on the knowledge of body, it is not unexpected that body parts were used to grasp and express abstract categories. Thus, somatisms are frequent in the phraseology of all languages, which our research supports. The aim of our research is to identify the similarities and differences between the two languages, Serbian and Hungarian, through the examples of phrasemes which contain the somatism nyak/vrat. The starting point is Hungarian language. The corpus is excerpted from both Serbian and Hungarian descriptive and phraseological dictionaries. Serbian and Hungarian languages are geneologically and typologically entirely different languages and the differences between them are manifested on all linguistic levels. However, the fact that they have coexisted on the region of the Panonian plain for an entire millenium must not be neglected. Differences found in the phrasemes, first of all, depict cultural specificities of each nation. Similarities can be explained through cultural, social and historical ties, as well as universal truths found by the langauge speakers independently.

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THE WORD AS A WEAPON (ABOUT NEOLOGISMS BEING A LINGUISTIC REFLECTION OF THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR)

Author(s): Alla Tkach,Maksym TKACH / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Функціювання української мови набуває особливого значення в умовах повномасштабної російсько-української війни. Мова – це важливий складник національної ідентичності, потужний продуктивний засіб, завдяки якому утверджується народ, збагачується національна культура. Мета статті – описати та систематизувати інноваційні процеси в сучасній національній лексичній системі української мови, що розвивається під час російсько-української війни. У статті представлено нові ресурси мовомислення – неологізми й оказіоналізми, що вербалізують нинішні події воєнного часу в Україні і нагадують про тісний зв’язок історії та мови. Зроблено екскурс лінгвістичних напрацювань про мову як зброю; обґрунтовано необхідність нової номінації; розглянуто приклади й визначено основні функції неолексем; відзначено емоційно-експресивний складник у такому словотворенні; закцентовано увагу на активному функціонуванні неологізмів у мові; окреслено перспективи вивчення неологізмів на тлі сучасних подій в українському суспільстві та світі. Методи дослідження. Для наукової інтерпретації фактичного матеріалу послуговуємося такими загальнонауковими методами, як спостереження й аналіз мовного матеріалу. Використовуємо описовий метод, прийоми компонентного і лінгвостилістичного аналізів. Висновки. Фактичний матеріал статті засвідчує, що слово є особливою зброєю на мовному фронті. Утворення й активне функціонування нових лексичних одиниць у воєнному дискурсі – це своєрідне віддзеркалення подій сучасності; яскравий вияв словникового багатства української мови і високий інтелектуальний потенціал українського народу; засвідчення динамічності, безперервності й унікальності мови як живого організму.

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From “Burning Bridges” to Bridging Cultural Gaps: Water and Fire Idioms in English and Romanian

Author(s): Alexandra Stan / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2023

The relation between culture and language can offer important information to the language learner. In fact, one way to understand a culture is through its language. Teachers of English as a foreign language (ought to) provide knowledge of the culture along with the mandatory curriculum items as a means to support students in bridging any cultural gaps. This paper aims to analyze English water and fire idiomatic expressions by describing their meanings and origins and identifying their Romanian equivalents. The research starts with a theoretical overview of the definitions and classifications of idiomatic expressions in the specialized literature, followed by the contrastive analysis of twenty English idioms functioning as verbs. More specifically, the description of their meanings and origins is provided, as well as the Romanian counterparts, and where possible, the origins of the translated items. The last part of the paper draws some conclusions on the significance and practical teaching implications of this analysis.

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Фразеологизмы публицистического дискурса как маркер национально-культурной специфики

Author(s): Jana Talířová,Elena Tomášková / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2018

The paper deals with the phraseological units of the political media discourse in terms of reflecting the national and cultural specifics. As the subject of the study, the phraseological units of English and Russian journalistic discourse with similar semantics that grab the headlines and fill the front pages of the newspapers are chosen. The analysis showed that an English idiom assumes an active position of the subject and has predominantly positive connotation, and a Russian idiom on the front pages of the newspapers assumes a passive position of the subject and is often used for discrediting. On that basis, a conclusion regarding the national-cultural specifics of the relationship «subject – media» is drawn. English idioms reflect the concept of the modern Western world, according to which publicity (popularity) created by the media is the key to success. Russian phraseology is based on the long-established Orthodox tradition of condemning worldly glory and pride. The paper suggests that in connection with the changes in modern Russian society under the influence of the West, the calques of English phraseology can be found in the Russian journalistic discourse.

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Отражение во фразеологии хакерских атак России и их влияния на президентские выборы 2016 г. В США

Author(s): Elena Tomášková / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3-4/2016

The paper examines the reflection in the phraseology of current political events and processes, such as hacker attacks of Russia and their influence on the result of the US presidential election. The analysis of phraseological neologisms that have arisen in the English and Russian languages as a reaction to these events has shown that the main source for similar expressions are politicians’ statements, which, through the media and social networks have become widely known and fixed in language. In connection with the transition of the media in an electronic form the neogenic potential of modern media discourse increases much. It concluded on this basis that modern journalism is one of the main areas of new fixed expressions emergence and intense replenishment of phraseological store.

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Kontaktmittel in den Schlagzeilen der Deutschen Boulevardpresse

Author(s): Jana Šarlingrová / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2015

Dieser Beitrag orientiert sich an den Sprachmitteln, die in den Schlagzeilen der deutschen Boulevardpresse BILD verwendet werden. Aufgrund der ausgesuchten Artikel aus dem Sportgebiet wurde der Korpus geschaffen, der mehr als 400 Schlagzeilen umfasst. Wir haben versucht, die Ausdrucksmittel zu erfassen, die zur Anknüpfung des Kontakts mit dem Leser und zur Erhöhung, bzw. zur Festigung seines Interesses dienen. Wir haben vor allem darauf aufmerksam gemacht, wie die Sprachmittel zur Realisierung der persuasiven Funktion beitragen und wodurch ihre Auswahl in den Schlagzeilen der Boulevardpresse beschränkt wird.

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Ни риба, ни рак. Предложните изрази: между колокацията и съставната дума

Author(s): Laska Laskova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

In this paper, we argue that multiword prepositions such as “съответно с” (‘following’) and “в разрез с” (‘contrary to’) constitute a fuzzy type of set, where the membership function correlates to the degree of lexicalization. There is a number of parameters to be considered when calculating the degree of lexicalization for multiword prepositions of the pattern p1 N p2, namely, noun inflection, p2 omission, insertion of modifiers, pronoun substitution, semantic idiomaticity. Here we present a comparative analysis of the results of the application of the aforementioned criteria for two synonymous expressions “въз основа на” and “върху база на” ‘on the basis of’.

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За „мъжките“ и „женските“ зоометафори в българския и чешкия език

Author(s): Katerina Tomova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Czech Issue: 1/2023

This text is part of a forthcoming study that examines the male-female agenda, focusing on the involvement of the zoomorphic code and the animal metaphors in shaping the male/ female stereotypes and their relationships in two cognate Slavic languages. Our main idea is to list and compare the animal metaphors (zoometaphors) used in the construction of the images of the man and the woman as a piece of the puzzle that is usually called linguistic picture of the world. With this we hope to clearly outline the ethno-cultural features of the studied problems.

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Dubichynskyi, Volodymir/ Jaskólski, Adam/ Muszyńska-Wolny, Dorota (2021), Leksykograficzna interpretacja rosyjsko-polskich paraleli frazeologicznych

Author(s): Ewa Dźwierzyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXV/2023

Review of: Dubichynskyi, Volodymir/ Jaskólski, Adam/ Muszyńska-Wolny, Dorota (2021), Leksykograficzna interpretacja rosyjsko-polskich paraleli frazeologicznych. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Uniwerystetu Warszawskiego, ss. 237, ISBN 978-83-235-4933-8

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O związkach między frazeologią a słowotwórstwem historycznym na przykładzie pojęcia kąt – ogólnosłowiańska analiza porównawcza

Author(s): Mariola Jakubowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35/2023

This article relates to the work of Nikita I. Tolstoy on the concept of corner in folk beliefs. It covers the intersection of two linguistic fields: phraseology and historical word formation, with elements of etymology. There are two Slavic etymons reconstructed for that concept: *ko˛tъ ‘angle’ and *o˛gъlъ ‘corner’. In contemporary Slavic languages, continuants of either one or both can be preserved. The concept corner (similarly to others concepts related to elements of the house) is rich in connotations. This study presents an analysis of phraseological units with the components kąt ‘angle’ or węgieł ‘corner’ (and their counterparts in other Slavic languages), as well as an etymological and semantic analysis. The etymological analysis concerns the continuants of the Slavic *ko˛t’a ‘house’, derived from *ko˛tъ ‘angle’. The article points to phraseological and etymological connections between the concepts corner and house.

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El inútil de su hijo: La construcción [DET{det/demost} ADJ de PRON{pos} N] en espanol

Author(s): Maricel Esteban-Fonollosa / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 2/2023

The present study explores the construction [DET{det} ADJ of PRON{pos} N] in Spanish, the meaning of which has a valorative attributive character, generally of CRITICISM and INSULT with respect to the propositional content and is typical of a colloquial register. Constructional idioms are characterised by being semi-schematic constructions which have partially free gaps or slots which are not lexically saturated, as well as by their pragmatic component. The aim of the proposal is to offer a description of the productivity and cognitive fixation (entrenchment) of this construction according to the corpus results found. To this end, a morphological and lexical study of the actualisations of its slots will be undertaken, the first of which is adjectival and the second of which is composed of a nominal syntagm consisting of a possessive pronoun and a noun. Furthermore, the use of this construction in Spanish will be systematised and its peculiar structure will be described; it is composed of a definite article that acts as a head, followed by an adjective, which, rather than being the referential core, has an expressive, evaluative, and focalising value on the NP of the second part of the construction, preceded by the preposition de. The restrictions and preferences of its slots will also be described. This type of construction, which occupies an intermediate position in the lexico-grammatical continuum of the language system, has rarely been studied so far in the case of Spanish. The present study would fill this gap in research by implementing a corpus-based methodology.

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ROMANIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE – STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS

Author(s): Ruxandra Coman / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 36/2024

The study emphasizes the importance of developing teaching strategies and learning contexts that might create a proper frame for engaging students in interactive communicative activities in order to allow them to learn in a more effective way that part of the vocabulary which is the most difficult, meaning the expressions that have figurative charge. The main idea is that in any language some idioms, although constructed strictly related to the specific cultural space, can be understood and learned by reference to universally valid cultural values. Some cognitive mechanisms are activated the moment the non-native learners use operations with various semantic categories, such as synonymy, explanatory paraphrases based on homonymy and polysemy.

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THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF THE WORD HEART IN ENGLISH

Author(s): Liliana Tronea-Ghidel / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2024

The present paper, relying on data collected from various English dictionaries, focuses on the semantic field of the term heart, by trying to render its different meanings and connotations. Heart belongs to a category of words that is particularly interesting for the linguist, because its analysis solves a specific lexicological problem. The semantic richness of heart is reflected in all its meanings related to feelings.

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