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Several newly created verbs and the corresponding newly formed participles are analyzed. An attempt has been made on the basis of examples and statistics of their uses to assume their place in the dictionary of the contemporary Bulgarian.
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The study outlines some of the problems related to the description of foreign elements in cognate languages from the Polish dictionary i.e. Słownik wileński. In borderland areas there are differences specific to Polish, Belorussian, Ukrainian and Russian languages, which come from the Proto-Slavic language community. The article proposes to interpret and specify the semantics of separate lexemes functioning in the eastern borderlands during the 19th century.
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Idioms containing ethnonyms found in the dialects of Bulgarian villages in Bessarabia, Ukraine, are analyzed in the article. An attempt to find equivalents in the lexicographic sources in Bulgarian, Ukrainian and Russian phraseology was made. The frequency of their use was studied, as well as the degree of the motivation for their nomination in the following classification.
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This paper examines the grammatical structure of Romanian/ English codeswitching in the speech of a ten-year-old bilingual child. The analyzed data set consists of single-word switches and phrases, the main focus of the paper being the morphological integration of these English elements in Romanian and the relations they establish with their larger syntactic environment. Using the principles of the Matrix Language Frame model developed by Myers-Scotton (2002, 2006), we show that the structural integrity of Romanian is maintained during codeswitching, and that the English material is used according to the rules imposed by the Romanian grammar. Although Romanian inflectional morphology is often absent on switched words and phrases, the placement of these elements in the grammatical frame of the sentence follows matrix language specifications and word order; moreover, function words in mixed constituents, such as determiners and prepositions, tend to come from Romanian.
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The current paper takes a comparative look at a selection of Japanese proverbs and their translation into English to their Romanian equivalents. The English translation belongs to David Galeff, the author of the book ‘Japanese Proverbs. Wit and Wisdom’ from which stems the selection of proverbs which are the object of the current analysis. The Romanian translation applies two methods. It tries to find an equivalent in Romanian, both in terms of wit i.e. wording or sense and in terms of wisdom i.e. meaning or reference. As such the two perspectives of analysis are semantic and pragmatic. The aim is firstly to find an equivalent in meaning and reference to a relevant wisdom inspired by reality and life. If such an equivalent is not found, alternative translations are attempted using other translation procedures,such as modulation or even adaptation. The theoretical framework used is the one Vinay and Dalbernet outlined in their ‘Comparative Stylistics of French and English: A Methodology for Translation’. This is a translational attempt to look towards the East and towards the West and see how different and how similar they are in the way they understand life and express that understanding. The aim of the analysis is to see to what extent it can identify corresponding ways of wording or equivalent forms of expression in Romanian for the wit and the wisdom incapsulated in the Japanese proverbs, via the English language.
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La ville de Timișoara a occupé une place importante dans la politique de la démarcation du Royaume des Serbes, Croates et Slovènes lors de la conférence de paix à Paris. Les revendications territoriales du Gouvernement yougoslave et de sa délégation à Paris envers Timișoara et ses environs sont justifiées par les victoires et la force militaires, la loi historique ainsi que les attitudes et les souhaits de la population de la zone contestée. Cependant, il est également essentiel de savoir quel rôle l’opinion publique du Royaume de la SCS a joué à cet égard. Afin de créer une image de l’importance de cette ville pour les Serbes, la presse accorde une attention particulière aux épithètes et aux syntagmes qui décrivent Timișoara. Cette agglomération y a été décrite positivement et poétiquement. Dans la presse elle est présentée par comme exemple: «la perle de Banat» ou «la clé de Banat»… C’est pourquoi dans notre article nous présenterons et expliquerons de nombreuses épithètes que les auteurs ont utilisées en écrivant sur Timișoara dans les années d'après-guerre. Nous donnerons un contexte historique plus large qui montre l’importance de cette ville d’appartenir au Royaume de SCS.
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Cet ouvrage fait partie d'une série d'ouvrages des auteurs qui visent à enquêter sur ces sphères d'activités rurales des habitants de Caraşova, plus précisément, ces professions et métiers qui, dans les conditions d'une mondialisation de plus en plus accélérée, sont menacés d'extinction ou ont déjà disparu. Dans la partie introductive du document, il y a quelques clarifications sur l'enquête sur le terrain et les informateurs, sur les moulins et la meunerie à Carașova, la plus grande localité de Carașoveni, indiquant également que l'objectif principal de cette recherche est d'inventorier les termes et le lexique liés à la meunerie, contribuant ainsi à leur préservation et à leur sauvetage de l'extinction. Le contenu proprement dit de l'article consiste en la présentation du matériel collecté et son analyse afin d'indiquer l'origine de la terminologie et du lexique dans ce domaine de l'activité carasovienne et de voir dans quelle mesure d'autres langues ont influencé ce segment du. lexique carasovien.
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Review of: Big phraseological dictionary of the Russian language. Meaning. Use. cultural commentary. (Ed. V.N. Teliya.) Moscow, AST-Press book, 2006. 784 p.
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The peoples living in the Balkans significantly have been influencing each other, borrowing numerous cultural and linguistic phenomena. In the course of convergent development it determined the formation of the Balkan cultural and linguistic landscape. The idioms with the meaning of blessing and curse in the Balkan Slavic languages in comparison with the non-Slavic Albanian and Romanian ones are in the centre of the analysis. The correspondences demonstrate a high degree of interlingual and intercultural interaction of the neighboring peoples, although there are significant differences in the forms of the corresponding idioms in different Balkan languages.
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The aim of this article is to examine the difficulties faced by any analysis of lexical meaning. This study concerns the French noun journal and the diversity of interpretative effects. Magdalena Perz investigates different approaches adopted by linguists—notion of lexical facets, dense metonymy when analysing semantic complexity of certain words. The problems of word senses and word sense description are vividly discussed, yet there are still many questions, such as relations between linguistics forms and extralinguistic reality to be answered in this field of research. The major problem arising from polysemy is the precise distinction between polysemy, metonymy and various theoretical tools developed in the field of lexical semantics.
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Phraseology is more or less a way to express differences in traditions and beliefs of different nations. The aim of present work is to analize the productivity of Somatic phraseological units ((SPhU) in Bulgarian and Japanese languages and their national and cultural specifics as well as to determine the basic spheres in which SPhU differ. Generally, these spheres can be classified as: differences in cuisine and manners of eating; different points of view; different ways to use hyperbole; different points of evaluation; differences in customs; different specific national goods etc.; difference in religions; different SPhU that come from superstitions; differences in metaphors and direct comparisons, difference in degrees of irony.
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The stereotypical image of Bulgarian people in the Italian mind often has a negative connotation. There are no definite reasons for the pejorative attitude, but the ethnonym bulgaro is part of several stable word combinations or basis for word formation with negative semantics. In general, toponyms and anthroponyms containing the stem bulgaro are devoid of connotation.
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This paper examines some Bulgarian phrases, idioms, proverbs, and sayings related to being cunning. The linguocultural analysis points to a close relationship between intellect and cunning in the Bulgarian linguistic picture of the world. The research also shows that the Bulgarian phrases, idioms, proverbs, and sayings related to being cunning have mainly positive connotations in the Bulgarian mentality.
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Some researchers name Latin a "dead language" which saves the living. However, we consider the phrase a dead language to be untrue, because the perpetuation of the Latin language is demonstrated and ensured, first of all, by Latin aphorisms and phrases, which reflect human existential values and assume the role of Genus Universalis. This article proposes the analysis of Latin aphorisms and phrases from the three-dimensionality perspective: ontology, gnoseology and deontology. At the same time, criteria for classifying Latin aphorisms and phrases are proposed.
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The objective of the study is to identify the role of pun language games in propaganda texts. The analysis was based on the works of Soviet poets which consist a part of propagandistic posters “TASS Windows” of the II World War period. The empirical material include the “TASS Windows” posters from the collections of the Perm State Art Gallery, the Vladimir Dahl State Museum of the History of Russian Literature in Moscow and the Russian State Lenin Library in Moscow. The analysis covers examples of language games based on homonymy, paronymy, polysemy, transformation of stable word combinations, as well as etymological figure. The study shows how the poems contained in the TASS posters served to depress the image of the enemy and create a unified picture of reality, based on the opposition “us – them” and corresponding to the wartime propaganda of success.
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The aim of this paper is to linguistically analyse lexicalized pair formulae in contemporary German. The study brings together distinctive structural, prosodic and semantic features of binomial expressions and emphasizes their formulaic character in several respects. Their specific stylistic and pragmatic functions will also be discussed. As memorable linguistic means, such fixed form idioms may be assigned to the cognitive domain of intensification and attention-getting.
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This scientific article examines the use of idiomatic expressions in the press as a means to captivate readers. Idiomatic expressions are phrases or linguistic constructions specific to a given language, whose meaning cannot be understood literally. They add a humorous, subtle, and lively dimension to press articles, thereby attracting and retaining readers' attention. In this article, we explore how journalists use these expressions to create catchy headlines and impactful formulations, and we analyze the different nuances of humor and subtlety they convey. We also study the impact of these idiomatic expressions on how readers perceive and interpret the information presented in the articles. By using concrete examples from the press, we highlight the importance of appropriately using idiomatic expressions to arouse readers' interest and engagement.
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The paper discusses cross-linguistic interference observed while studying Latin humiliatio, humilitas (and additionally homagium, venia) and Old Polish pokora, referring to the statutory and customary legal practice of ‘public humiliation of the culprit, most often the murderer, and their request for forgiveness’. The research focuses on the linguistic and socio-cultural changes that made the juridical meaning of humiliatio, humilitas emerge. The paper offers a diachronic analysis of the development of a set of words that share the root humil*, followed by a synchronic study of the vocabulary attested in Old Polish, Old Czech, and in Medieval Latin used in other countries. The article discusses linguistic and socio-cultural factors that might have contributed to the development of the juridical sense of humiliatio, humilitas in Medieval Latin in Poland, and concludes with a hypothesis that the described sense emerged as a calque of one of the senses of the Polish word pokora.
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The article discusses seven Scythian glosses preserved in the lexicon of Hesychius of Alexandria (5th–6th AD), which refer to the domesticated animals or the East European wild fauna. Four among the analysed zoonyms have a confirmed Scythian origin (explicitly indicated by the Greek lexicographer), whereas two (ἀρανίς · ἔλαφος “aranis – deer”; γοῖτα· οἶς “goita – sheep”) are attributed to the Scythian vocabulary based on a reasonable conjecture. The seventh gloss concerns a typical Scythian drink obtained from a mare’s milk. A meticulous analysis of lexical data makes it possible to determine clearly the etymology of three Scythian names for domesticated animals, namely sheep, dog and mare, cf. Scyth. γοῖτα ‘sheep’ (< Iran. *gaiθā- ‘flock of sheep’); Scyth. παγαίη ‘dog’ (< *spakai ̯ā- ← Iran. *śaka- m. ‘dog’); Gk. ἱππάκη f. ‘mare’s milk drink’ (← Scyth. *appākā ← Scyth. *appā- f. ‘mare’ < *aspā- < Iran. *aśā- f. ‘id.’). Additionally, Hesychius of Alexandria noted four Scythian terms for wild animals, namely reindeer (or moose), deer, swan and locust, cf. Scyth. τάρανδος ‘reindeer or moose’ (← Finno-Ugric *ćar/ań/ta ‘reindeer / moose’); Scyth. ἀρανίς ‘deer, stag’ (< Iran. *araniš, cf. Lith. elenìs, élnis ‘deer’); Scyth. ἄγλυ ‘swan’ (< Iran. *madgu- ‘a species of water bird’); Scyth. ἀδιγόρ ‘locust’ (< Iran. *atahī-gar/a/-, originally ‘devouring the grass’).
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The article examines Papahagi’s contribution to the study of Balkan languages. His work Parallele Ausdrücke und Redensarten im Rumänischen, Albaneseschen, Neugriechischen und Bulgarischen (1908) provides valuable information about the lexical corpora of the Balkan languages and draws attention to the unique spiritual closeness between the peoples who have inhabited our lands for centuries. The linguistic material in the work evokes an association with a number of discussion issues in contemporary Balkan linguistics.
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