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The summer season has done little to slow down one of the country’s most prominent, anti-Muslim activists.
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The article explores the situation of the Romanian youth, offering an overview on the young people’s economic and social inclusion perspectives. The article argues that the high levels of unemployment, lack of access to education and poor living standards are the reason for young people’s dissatisfaction with the country’s situation and, more broadly, with the performance of democratic institutions in Romania.The lack of economic perspectives generates a high migration rate to other EU countries, a solution that many young Romanians prefer for better living standards and more opportunities.The article claims that the dissatisfaction with the current situation creates a rejection of the traditional, institutionalized politics and elections and the pursuit of new, alternative forms of political participation, but it also feeds potentially dangerous authoritarian attitudes.
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The evolutionary development of political parties in modern political form is linked to the emergence of electoral and parliamentary systems in Europe and the United States during the 19th century. The focus of this work is the historical development and the essence of action of the first form of party political organizations that are aimed at the realization of full or partial power, or the exercise of power.In the early stage (pre-revolutionary, aristocratic and monarchic regimes), the political life took place in limited circles in which small groups or individuals were gathered around certain royalty and influential figures. Only later, the establishment of the parliamentary regime in the European and American soil political organization begins to change its shape to the 20th century, the presence of political parties was characteristic of most developed countries in the world.
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The aim of the article is to present the public discourse on the presence of a cross in the Polish parliament, which began after the parliamentary elections in 2011. At this time a group of the party Ruch Poparcia Palikota (RPP) submitted to the Marshal of the Sejm a request for its removal from the chamber. The article presents selected topics from the debate, focusing mainly on the arguments presented in the proposal and expertise of the Parliamentary Research Bureau and the arguments formulated in “Gazeta Wyborcza” newspaper, where they are presented as a continuation of the debate only initiated in the parliament, and then transferred to the media. Parliamentary debate took place only in one area – the political rivalry between the parties – while in the media appeared topics initiated by other institutions than the parties, i.e. educational institutions, public administration institutions and private individuals.
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The purpose of my text is an attempt to define the context of the global fascination of super-bestseller, the book Fifty Shades of Grey – regardless of the fact that literary critics agreed that this is a novel very poor in every aspect. What makes this erotic-romantic story so exceptional, among others, to the extent that it meets with a huge “cultural vindictiveness”, entering into public discourse invasively, while hundreds of others – good or bad books are ignored? The main context of interest/fascination with the book Fifty Shades of Grey, in my opinion, is associated with putting again – and doing it radically – question about the permitted forms of female sexuality. Here we are dealing with a sudden shift – by the author – the debate in this area “a few miles ahead” and cancellation of several important tenets, including the dogma of women as innocent virgin, the dogma of women as mothers and wives but also feminist dogma of women socially and sexually liberated from the domination of men.
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The following paper is devoted to the study of speech manipulation technologies in US political media discourse. A number of web-based articles have been taken under consideration for this study. They demonstrate the problem arising from the refugee flow in Europe and create a special “image” of the complicated European situation. It is helpful to see how the situation appears in the Internet media since this type of mass communication is most influential these days. While considering a large amount of media texts, a special speech manipulation technology has been revealed. This phenomenon demonstrates a distinct structure and close interrelations of purposefully selected elements. Going through a number of stages we can find out the technology of speech manipulation – a system of using the aggregate of speech manipulation instruments in order to purposefully guide the reality perception of the mass audience. The external level of the texts enables us to take a penetrating look at the internal intentions. This knowledge will help us not to confuse the migration crisis as it is and the migration crisis as it seems.
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The text concentrates on the problem of the ideologization of artistic transmission and uses Wojciech Smarzowski film ‘Rose’ as an example. This problem is considered both on several levels: reception, above all the critical-film level, and also on the level of the work itself. The analysis reveals the impoverishment of the message by radical left-wing and also conservative ideologization is becoming apparent. Also a susceptibility of work to discourse of the political correctness is becoming apparent, in addition it is rather superficial susceptibility.
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Marek Hendrykowskis analytical study concentrates on deep semantic structure and the social context of the news fabricated by media. Fake news is considered a functional expression of various prejudices, biases, stereotypes and emotions circulating in the common consciousness of contemporary society. When peoples emotions are intense, the impact of fictitious news is stronger and rational knowledge transmission is poorly explored. The critical reactions of an individual viewer are seen as being particularly important to anticipatory regulation. The functional definition of “fake news” presented by the author provides a useful framework for organizing observations and interdisciplinary studies on this phenomenon.
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In this paper, we analyzed the phenomenon of contemporary popular culture, i.e. a Gangnam style Korean pop song. Aim of this study was to determine the impact and meaning of the aforementioned song on the enjoyers of popular music (especially adolescents), and to find the reasons for a rapid global popularity of the song. The analysis included the technological and economic development of modern society as the context that enabled the emergence of global phenomena and popular culture. The popular culture was observed as the “culture of copies” in which most of the cultural experiences were obtained using and observing copies and the validity, whereas the very existence of originals was put aside. We attempted to explain the meaning of popular culture as an everyday cultural experience by reviewing the scientific literature on popular culture and music. Furthermore, the content analyses of some of the articles available on the internet provided us with an insight into the effects of Gangnam style and the reasons of its great popularity. Some of the reasons imposed during the analysis were as follows: partially different style of Gangnam style in comparison with the one typical of the mainstream popular-music, fan phenomena appearance, accompanying dancing choreography and rhythmic visual content, as well as prophetic-apocalyptic dimension of contemporary global society.
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The paper examines the spectacle of contemporary forms of advertising and product placements techniques in the context of urban environments (including the phenomenon of the so called ‘brand city’).This is an ‘over-exposed city’, to use Virilio’s terminology, a city penetrated by media and advertising, a topical manifestation of what Guy Debord called the ‘Society of the Spectacle’. The paper juxtaposes to the above well rehearsed critical scenarios an examination of several urban art projects that attempt to design an image of the city as a locus of convergence, creativity and citizenship. There is a powerful visual language at work in the contemporary city, one that operates beyond the phantasmagoria of consumption. Inspired by the Situationists’ intent to stimulate permanent social dynamics in the city through playful interventions based on integration between art and technology, such projects show the ability of individuals and social groups to appropriate and co-create urban space. It remains to be seen, though whether such playful interventions bring about new viable conceptions of the public sphere or, conversely, whether their impact is similar, in its ineffectuality, to that of the Situationist precursors.
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Soap operas, especially Latino American telenovelas, are one of the biggest cultural phenomena of our time. Communication scientists from North and South America have been studying intensively this type of cultural products in the past decades. Many recent articles and dissertations examine the influence telenovelas have over society. The world realized the great potential of telenovelas, which can be used to promote different models of socially acceptable behavior, as well as the interests of previously marginalized groups that now have a chance to be at the centre of the media attention. Therefore, states, advertisers, various social groups and international organizations are showing the greatest interest in popularizing soap operas. Now it is possible to confirm that telenovela became the cultural and artistic product worthy enough to represent Brazil. Although telenovelas are widely popular in Serbia, serious researches on this subject haven’t been done yet. Considering the aforesaid, it is very important to give an appropriate theoretical foundation for exploring both the cultural and communicative roles of telenovelas.
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Female spiritual influencers on Instagram engage with conspiracy content and appeal to the issue of control over female bodies to bridge the gap between mainstream and fringe online spaces. I use the concept of “third space” to analyse the dynamics of Instagram communities around spiritual influencers and highlight how these communities operate as spaces for political discussion while simultaneously appearing apolitical from the outside. Analysing data from participant observation and interviews with six female Czech spiritual influencers, I place their online communication and presentation within the context of the conspirituality movement (Ward, Voas, 2011). Furthermore, I present ethnographic evidence on how the influencers moved from spiritual to conspiritual content within their everyday online performances.
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We conducted a cohort study regarding the impact of stress on healthcare professionals in the pandemic and military context of September 2022. Study group: active medical staff (N=147) aged < 60 88% female, 81.4% urban; doctors (40%), nurses (30%) and auxiliary staff (30%). More than half of the respondents reported a high level of stress at a professional level (53%), other forms of reported stress were at social (30%), physical (27%), psychological (20%) or economic level. The general level of post-pandemic stress experienced was mostly moderate to severe (score "5- 10/10",77.6%). Correlations between economic, social, pandemic and military stress showed that all of them are positively and statistically significantly correlated (p < 0.001). Therefor, it is mandatory to prioritize the implementation of sustainable measures through medical management, as to prevent professional stress.
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Review: Varjatud märgid ja salaühingud. Vandenõuteooriate tähendusmaailm. Andreas Ventsel, Mari-Liis Madisson ja Mihhail Lotman. Postimehe Kirjastus OÜ, 2023, 656 lk.
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The aim of this article is to consider the usefulness of Latin American decolonial theory for thestudy of Eastern Europe and to characterise the decolonial turn in the study of the region’s past asa tool for overcoming power relations in post-socialist societies. We can see the growing interest ofhistorians in locating Eastern European societies in global transformation processes in the period1945–1989. In parallel to professional historical research, the socialist era is increasingly the objectof analysis by social critics as a source of innovative thought and social practice, also important forthe present day. This kind of decolonial perspective searches for the subversive potential of socialistmodernities for both past and contemporary emancipatory processes, revealing their entanglementin global social struggles. This approach remains critical both of orthodox decolonialism andthe existing concepts of postcolonialism and postsocialism. This perspective would increase thevisibility of former Eastern Bloc societies in the global reflection of social sciences, showing theirlocation within past and contemporary processes of global capitalism. The debate surroundingthe reception of decolonial theory in Eastern Europe also refers to Poland as a specific area ofhistorical reflection. In this context, reflection on socialist modernities is a way of overcoming themarginalisation of these issues in the Polish field of history and at the same time an attempt to joinglobal historical debates dominated by Western researchers.
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The article addresses the problem of the discussion around counteractingthe effects of the climate crisis and presents the conflict between two poten-tial ways of solving it: the first one based on the basis of the unrestricted marketand the second one based on administrative and political changes. The authorrefers to the theory of excorporation and incorporation of cultural commodities,the phenomenon of greenwashing and the critique of neoliberalism, to describethe the supporters of political changes’ changing way of articulating their op-position. The subjects of the analysis are texts functioning in the sphere of pop-ular culture: the communication of the fashion giant H&M and statements byThomas Lauren Friedman and Greta Thunberg, representative of both approach-es to fighting the negative changes in the climate.
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The book focuses on the existing conditions and responses that enable epidemics and unlocks the linguistic and cultural context of epidemics through the analysis of literary works.
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Proponents of uncritical use of information technology in education claim that the future of education lies in cyberspace and digitization. However, digital technology is not a substitute for desirable interaction. That is why today, in modern pedagogy, we talk about the social being of the school, as the starting point of a humane school. Critical thinking should be given more attention in upbringing and education, and the prerequisite for the development of critical thinking is the introduction of this course at all social and humanities faculties, and then as an optional subject in primary schools. In this context, we propose a much broader, than the current, aspects of the content of media culture in reading books for Croatian language and literature, especially in primary schools.
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Economic and pandemic crises, along with military actions, constitute a strong cause-and-effectlink between the occurrence of society’s loss of trust in the market environment in the 21st century.The occurrence of unfavourable situations is often related to the “Sheep Rush” phenomenon. Thelack of regulations and effective tools to prevent and counteract market turmoil increases the moodof anxiety. Many consumers and investors, in a situation of ignorance and chaos, begin to imitateemerging market trends. In times of crisis, many citizens begin to buy gold, which increases in valuewith high demand, highlighting the scale of the unfavourable situation. The gold market responds tosocial unrest related to various types of crises. In this case, the appreciation of gold is sudden and theprice trend is not short-term. The occurrence of a negative price on the crude oil futures market duringthe COVID-19 epidemic in May 2020 or the exceeding of the maximum historical limit of $2,100/ounce of gold in December 2023 illustrates the extremes of herd behaviour, which is based on panic. Inturn, the inappropriate monetary policy of the United States based on a low interest rate in 2006 causeda global financial meltdown and continues to exert strong inflationary pressure on the property marketaround the world, including in Poland. The description of macroeconomic events in the 21st centurywell illustrates how important it is for market entities to trust each other and the market, as well as tomake reasonable decisions. Otherwise, we usually deal with a market collapse and a domino effect.The sheep rush process is vital from the point of view of social and economic inequalities due to theimpact of such behaviour on the prices of analysed goods and the level of international trust.
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After Poland’s accession to the EU, development aid became one of the new areas of Pol-ish public policy. The paper serves to interpret the evolution of public opinion on theselected issues of Polish development assistance with the use of a secondary analysis ofsurveys conducted at the request of the MFA by Kantar Public. It proves that knowledgeabout this issue is niche in the Polish society, is rarely present in media, and few Polesdeclare any involvement in helping less developed countries. It presents the motivationsof supporters and opponents of development aid, their social profiles, changes in theperception of aid, preferences for the geographical location, and the public perceptionof supporting Ukraine.
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