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Why Putin is the product of Russian democracy

Author(s): George HAJIPAVLI / Language(s): English Issue: 01+02 (59)/2024

As we find ourselves less than two months away from the Russian presidential election, this analysis offers a timely and direct rebuttal that Putin’s downfall will arise from Russia’s democratisation. Instead, Russian democracy enabled Putin’s climb to power in the first place, while his protracted popularity constitutes a core factor that enables his regime to propagate at present.

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From dignity to victory

Author(s): Maria Górska / Language(s): English Issue: 01+02 (59)/2024

Six months after Russia’s invasion started, I gave birth to my child and breastfed her for the first time in a bomb shelter, to the sound of sirens. I moved from Ukraine to Poland with my baby and despite the joy of motherhood I had never felt so much loneliness and darkness as I did there, far from home, when my country was fighting the enemy, and I was not. But soon I joined the fight for victory.

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The legacy of the displaced in the South Caucasus

Author(s): Jennifer S. WISTRAND / Language(s): English Issue: 03 (60)/2024

The South Caucasus is no stranger to the plight of displaced persons. Since the fall of the Soviet Union, refugees and internally displaced persons have numbered in the hundreds of thousands due to conflicts in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Recent geopolitical shifts, such as Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine and Azerbaijan’s 24-hour military offensive, have reignited concerns about this unresolved issue and the ongoing challenges faced by displaced persons in the region.

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Is Abkhazia being absorbed by Russia?

Author(s): Mamuka Komakhia / Language(s): English Issue: 03 (60)/2024

After the August 2008 war between Russia and Georgia, Moscow recognized the independence of the separatist regions of Georgia – Abkhazia and the Tskhinvali region. After the recognition, Moscow pursued relations with both regions, which Georgia considers to be occupied by Russia, as those with equal states. Moscow took into account the sentiments of the local population and the political elite in the occupied regions, especially in Abkhazia, and refrained from intense pressure. However, after the start of Russia’s full-scale military aggression in Ukraine in 2022, Moscow’s attitude has changed.

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Defence diplomacy Ukraine and the Global South

Author(s): Omar Ashour / Language(s): English Issue: 03 (60)/2024

Based on previous experience, strategic communications – including defence diplomacy – are usually built on the principle of the “Five Ms”: messages, messengers, media, mediums and mechanisms. The messages should be tailored carefully to the audience, addressing political narratives, shared historical experiences, socio-psychological aspects, instrumental issues and cultural affairs. Ukraine should come out strong in the messaging and other pillars of this strategy when trying to cooperate with the “Global South” and procure military support.

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Winter is a constant struggle for survival. On the Avdiivka front, the challenges faced by Ukrainian paramedics in the cold

Author(s): Joseph ROCHE / Language(s): English Issue: 03 (60)/2024

The second winter of Russia’s war against Ukraine is much harsher than the last, with temperatures sometimes nearing minus 20 degrees centigrade. Yet, the low temperatures do not change the intensity of the combat. The Russians waited for the deep cold and the ground to solidify to launch new offensives, including in Avdiivka, where volunteer combat medics attempt to evacuate and save the lives of wounded Ukrainian soldiers.

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Who are the Russians fighting on the side of Ukraine

Author(s): Agnieszka Pikulicka-Wilczewska / Language(s): English Issue: 03 (60)/2024

After Russia invaded Ukraine, around a million Russians left the country and moved abroad, fearing mobilization or in protest against the war. While most of the new exiles are involved in different types of political or social activism, a small minority has decided to take up arms against their own people. They have organized into battalions fighting on the side of Ukraine.

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Minority communities and their future in Ukraine. The case of Roma

Author(s): Stephan Müller,Natali TOMENKO,Volodomyr Yakovenko / Language(s): English Issue: 03 (60)/2024

Today, all of Ukraine’s communities are fighting to protect the country from Russian aggression. This includes the Roma, an ethnic group that faces particular challenges in relation to their place in society. The integration of Roma, both now and after the end of the war, will be a key test regarding the success of a new Ukraine.

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Is Klaipėda worth a war?

Author(s): OLEH DUNDA / Language(s): English Issue: 04 (61)/2024

In all the eight years since 2014, Moscow has spent time challenging the vigilance of its democratic victims. Despite the sanctions, joint strategic projects with Europe still flourished. One of them, Nord Stream 2, speaks volumes today. Everything was done to destroy the western democracies’ ability to resist.

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Russian aggression against. Ukraine No peace in sight

Author(s): Yuliya Kazdobina / Language(s): English Issue: 04 (61)/2024

Negotiations concerning Russia’s war in Ukraine have been going on for many years at this point. While there have been almost continuous discussions regarding peace, it has become clear that Moscow does not place any real value in such talks. The war will therefore be decided on the battlefield.

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Ukrainian media at wa.r Battles behind, battles ahead

Author(s): Aleksander Palikot / Language(s): English Issue: 04 (61)/2024

The media landscape in Ukraine has been heavily impacted by the ongoing Russian invasion. While the centralization of media to build a common message and fight disinformation made sense at the beginning of the war, critics now argue that the president’s office is abusing its control of the media while discrediting independent journalists.

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The Most Persistent Narratives of the Kremlin’s Propaganda Towards Romania in the First Year of the Russo-Ukrainian War

Author(s): Iurie Rotari / Language(s): English Issue: 56/2023

This article examines how the Russian invasion of Ukraine infl uenced Kremlin’s propaganda against Romania. For one year (24.02.2022–24.02.2023), the author followed offi cial statements by Russian politicians and diplomats, material appearing in the most important federal media outlets, and messages released via social media and other marginal propaganda sources. Thus, it was possible to determine the main Russian propaganda narratives against Romania: „Romania seeks to annex parts of Ukraine”; „Romania seeks to annex the Republic of Moldova and Transnistria”; „Romania promotes unreasonable Russophobia”; „Romania is a «Western colony» used by the USA against Russia”, and last but not least, att empts to discredit Romanian aid to Ukraine. In this way, the author determined the image of Romania created by the Russian propaganda machine for its audience, but also the ways in which Moscow uses the distorted image of Romania to infl uence public opinion in Ukraine and Moldova.

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Regulation of Work and Rest Pattern for Personnel of Transport Companies in Ukraine: Peacetime and Specifics of Wartime

Author(s): Nadiia Novalska,Oksana Kyrylenko,Viktoriia Klymenko,Kateryna Razumova,Valentyn Kediulich / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The article substantiates the relationship between human working capacity and the work and rest pattern of the personnel of transport enterprises. Driving vehicles requires increased working capacity, that is why the legislation must clearly regulate the working time of the personnel involved in transportation. The specifics of the legal regulation of the work and rest pattern of employees of air, road, rail and water transport enterprises are considered in accordance with the norms of the legislation of Ukraine and some conventions of the International Labour Organization. Unfortunately, there are currently no legal norms regarding the regulation of the work and rest pattern for carriers in conditions of martial law, depending on the region in which they operate. The authors make conclusions about the need to study the experience of European countries regarding the regulation of the working time and rest time of transport workers according to: different modes of transport; intensifying the process of ratification by Ukraine of international agreements on regulation of the work and rest patterns; strengthening the responsibility of employers for non-compliance with the requirements of legal norms regarding the working time and rest time of employees; cooperation of employers, trade unions and state authorities in the development of program provisions and effective mechanisms for the implementation of defined norms for the protection of socio-economic and labour rights of employees at transport enterprises; revising the work and rest pattern of transport sector workers in accordance with the conditions of martial law; legal recognition of higher social guarantees for carriers working in front-line zones and combat zones

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GEOEKONOMICZNE SKUTKI WOJNY W UKRAINIE. GLOBALNY I EUROPEJSKI WYMIAR PROBLEMU

Author(s): Maciej Walkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2024

Based on a detailed diagnosis of the current socio-economic situation in the world caused by the war in Ukraine, and earlier by the COVID 19 pandemic, the presented analysis points to specific measures that, both conceptually and practically, must be taken in the global (world economy) and regional (European Union) dimensions, serving to strengthen security and economic resilience treated as priority elements of the new economic order of the second decade of the 21st century. Through the use of selected research methods and techniques characteristic of political science research, the author of the presented article points to concrete solutions to limit the threat of the emergence of successive waves of economic, food, energy and refugee crises, and a return to the Cold War in its new iteration, i.e. the growing geoeconomic rivalry of the US-China confrontation and their main allies. He sees opportunities for a higher level of economic stability in the countries classified as part of the so-called Western World, with the European Union and the United States at the forefront, in at least a partial reduction of offshoring in favor of nearshoring and its frienshoring variants and the concept of open strategic autonomy promoted in the EU.

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Pleasure, impulse, compulsion, and rationality in the behavior of young consumers in the context of contemporary challenges and current events

Author(s): Aleksandra Perchla-Włosik / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

In modern societies, signifi cant changes are taking place in the sphere of consumption. Consumption is no longer just a way of satisfying needs. Sometimes it can also be about experiencing pleasure (also on impulse) or relieving tension. A characteristic behavior of pleasure consumers is the spontaneous (impulsive) purchase of goods that are attractive to them. At the same time, impulsive purchases diff er from rationalized purchases in that the decision to purchase a given product is made quickly and usually without deeper refl ection. The purpose of this article is to try to answer the question, what is the essence of purchasing decisions in the face of the challenges of the modern world, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine and infl ation? What are the shopping habits of young consumers, especially in relation to their emotional, psychological, social, and economic spheres? In light of these challenges, can one notice any adaptation strategies, “survival” strategies, rationalization of behavior, or, on the contrary, will the orientation towards pleasure, compulsive shopping, or impulse purchases dominate? The subject of this article is the consumer behavior of young people, perceived as a series of reactions to various stimuli — instincts, emotions — that inspire and mobilize them to satisfy their needs. The answers to the questions posed above were obtained by analyzing the data obtained through qualitative research using the technique of focus group interviews.

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How COVID and War Have Reshuffled the European Banking Sector

Author(s): Patryk Dybek / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The stability of the European banking system has been recently tested by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and then by the Russian aggression against Ukraine in 2022. Both events have forced the European Central Bank to implement many recovery measures. Despite having vastly different fundamentals, those events have led to the new economic reality with high interest rates and return on equity below the cost of equity for most European banks. The paper aims to assess how pandemic and war impacted the banking sector and its stability. The analysis relies on data provided by public international authorities, global banking advisors, and open-access databases such as Eurostat. The overall, conclusion is that these neither events pushed the entire sector to the brink of collapse. The primary reason for this outcome was the implementation of measures established following the global financial crisis 2008.

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Media Systems in Unrecognized States: “People’s Media” in “People’s Republics”

Author(s): Eugenia Kuznetsova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This paper examines the media systems in the “Donetsk People’s Republic” and the “Luhansk People’s Republic,” both unrecognized states. After a conflict outbreak in 2014, the media landscape in the unrecognized republics acquired the features of an authoritarian media system. Employing qualitative methods (primary source analysis and in-depth interviews), the research explores a combination of instruments that pushed media into an authoritarian mode that entailed declarations of loyalty, severe vertical subordination, predominantly state ownership, and the designation of a military subdivision at the information frontline. Other decisive factors that allowed an authoritarian media system to be instated are the loyalty of the pre-existing media landscape to local authorities and oligarch media owners, the political isolation of the unrecognized republics, and the strong influence of the Russian information space.

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PREREQUISITES AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UKRAINE

Author(s): Anna Chechel,Hanna Reshetova / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2023

This article examines social entrepreneurship as an effective tool for promotingsocial values within public administration. Ukraine is experiencing increased unemployment,population vulnerability, and weakening social protection for these groups. Socialentrepreneurship is one of the most effective ways to help minimise these problems andaccelerate their resolution. The activities of social enterprises contribute to solving theproblems of socially unprotected people, their employment and social adaptation.In the current martial law conditions and the complex economic crisis in Ukraine, it isnecessary to investigate the problems and prospects for financial organisational andinformational support of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine.

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Główne tematy rosyjskiej propagandy w okupowanym obwodzie zaporoskim przed pseudoreferendum

Author(s): Anna Yezhova / Language(s): Polish Issue: 30/2023

As of the end of February 2022, the Zaporizhzhia region is 70 per cent occupied. In an attempt to hold on to the occupied territory, the Russians have begun preparations for a referendum on the annexation of the Zaporizhzhia region to the Russian Federation. The article presents the main propaganda themes disseminated before the pseudo-referendum in the official telegram channel of the Russian propaganda newspaper „Zaporozhskyi Viestnik”. Furthermore, the article describes the ideological basis of Russian propaganda and the process of disseminating propaganda content and creating an alternative picture of reality in the occupied territories.

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RISKS IDENTIFIED BY POLISH ENTREPRENEURS UNDER CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENT, 2020–2023

Author(s): Barbara Alina Zbroińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2024

Purpose – The research problem under consideration concerns the impact of the pan-demic and war in Ukraine on the assessment of threat to the operation of enterprises. Theaim of the article is to identify the common risks detected during the crisis of pandemicand war, by enterprises of different industries.Research method – The methods of critical analysis of documents, comparative anal-ysis, inductive and deductive reasoning were used. Information and data contained in theactivity reports and sustainability reports of 10 listed companies (industrial, construction,trade), for the period 2020–2023, as well as reports of the Central Statistical Office (CSO)on the survey of business sentiment were analyzed. The analysis also concerned entrepre-neurs who have shown great adaptability, as well as revenues and financial performancewhich have maintained an upward trend.Results – Common risk areas for all the surveyed companies include macroeconomic,legal and business risks. Companies declare their intention to use experienced risks asopportunities for the future. Subjective assessments by entrepreneurs indicate that a pan-demic is a greater threat than a war across the eastern border. An analysis of risk factorsin the companies’ documents does not indicate that the companies are identifying newrisks caused by the war and pandemic.Originality   / value   / implications   / recommendations – According to the author’s ownassessment, entrepreneurs do not identify new, unclassified types of risk.

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