We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
For 28 years the privatization of commercial companies was done by signing secret contracts. In this way, the strategic objectives of national interest of the Romanian economy would be privatized "discreetly" in favor of foreign companies and at the expense of Romania.
More...
At the beginning of XXI-st century, academics and also, the strategic re-alignments are focusing again on the neo-Westphalian trend which emphasises the central role of nation-state, in comparison with globalization understood as an objective process (the state representing a territorial but powerful actor, capable to control the transnational fluxes that are putting in danger its independency, its sovereignty or that are presenting the risk of fainting the jurisdictional traditional mechanisms over its people), and also, in relation with non-state actors. We can note an order of sovereign states, with equal rights, discovering again the full meanings of UN Charter principles -until now, seen as obsolete and insignificant, under the powerful impact of globalisation-. Neo-Westphalism is emphasising the powerful character of nation-state, the enforcement of sovereignty, political and economical independency, and territorial integrity concepts, where states are seen again as principal actors and the only entities endowed with sovereignty, capable to shape the international order and to take decisions regarding it
More...
Risk should not be seen only as a danger and we must not fear it. The risk is the measure of uncertainty and its double valence of positive connotations (when the uncertainty decreases) and the negative (when the uncertainty increases) represents a procedural parameter conducive to governance. Its continuous or scientified variations transform it into the object of reaction action in a process of refinement (basic understanding) and efficiency.In organizations, as social systems, the use of risk is based on its assimilation as a utility difference (R = U * - Ui, where U * is the optimal utility, and Ui, the current utility) as the main element of institutionalization. The organizations that have made this leap stand in the hierarchy of those with timely responses and with increased capabilities of adapting, modeling and streamlining the processes they support.
More...
Post-conflict reconstruction is difficult, trappable, and vitiated by mentalities and interests. The countries involved in this process still have the mentality of the old colonists, and the population of these countries, especially Afghanistan, does not understand the essence of the post-conflict reconstruction or prospect. The population of Afghanistan is predominantly young (one of two Afghans with less than 20 years), but increased in conditions of war, part of the population emigrated to return home, while the money allocated for reconstruction arrive in the majority also to local barons. Problems are difficult battle still goes on winning public confidence and rhetoric officials Afghans - not well seen by the population - is anti-NATO, anti-American, amounts to be spent on Afghanistan are very big, but they get only very small measure in programs that really benefit the population. That is why problems are becoming more and more numerous, and the reconstruction process is still difficult, difficult and costly.
More...
Sovereignty is the quality of state power under which this power has the vocation to decide on behalf of its people without any interference in all internal and external affairs, respecting the sovereignty of other states, as well as the generally accepted principles and norms of international law. Under the constitutional provisions, the elected national sovereignty bodies of the Romanian people are the Parliament and the President of Romania. The power of the parliamentary system lies in the principle of national sovereignty, in the sense that the Parliament represents the people, and the parliamentarians are its delegates, who can not delegate their prerogatives to state officials.
More...
In ordinary language, accepting comes from the Latin acceptatus and means to nudge, agree to, receive, agree to, admit, approve, tolerate, tolerate, and by accepting or accepting I understand the action to accept the result and consent, approval (including certification by signature) or the manifestation of the will to acquire a certain right, to receive an offer or succession. In the areas of quality, business, decision and security, notions of acceptability and acceptability are used, meaning the result of accepting the action, namely substantiating, running and the outcome of a process, solutions, states, performances or action.
More...
This article, based on narratives of experienced (born between 1945 and 1950) municipal chief executive officers, investigates changes that challenge leadership in local government. Four factors emerge: the dissolution of municipal boundaries; cooled relations between the State and municipalities; municipal inhabitants’ chang-ing role from participatory residents to exacting customers; and fragmentation of local politics. These four changes reveal the diversity of local leaders’ everyday environment, illustrating and exploring how day-to-day management takes place in the intersection of more and more complex governance relations.
More...
The article examines the relationship between the national politicians and their civil servants in the reception of the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) policies. Our comparative case study of three policy fields in Slovenia identifies variations in the politico-administrative relations among different policy sectors. These variations can be explained by the weight of the ideological-political burden that determines the extent to which a particular policy sector is politicised. Although the reception of OMC policy is first and foremost in the hands of the national politicians, national civil servants have greater scope to act autonomously in those policy sectors which are less politicised.
More...
The essay assesses the work of Júlia Szalai on the concept of the bifurcated welfare state as a contribution to the debate on welfare regimes in Central and Eastern Europe. It locates her work in the context of the debate around Esping-Andersen’s ideal types of welfare state regimes and sees the bifurcated welfare state as offering a means of understanding the key features of hybrid welfare states in East Central Europe. The essay then examines evidence in support of the concept and explores possible ways in which the idea may contribute to the research agenda on welfare regimes.
More...
As a result of weaknesses of new public management and new public governance there is a search of the third way. One of the alternative is an idea of co-production of public services. In Polish circumstances it relates to local initiative. Author examine how this tool is implemented in cities associated in the Union of Polish Metropolis according to conducted research.
More...
The purpose of this research paper is to identify, through the study of the historical profile, the contemporary reasons which, over the years, have led to the alternation of criticism and support between the European Union and Israel. This analysis is then developed in the economic, political and diplomatic fields in order to clarify the conflictual aspects of this relation, with a focus on the most recent times. All is revised in light of the Neighbourhood Policy, implemented by the European Union, first treated with a general overview and then identified in relations with the Middle East, in which Israel plays an essential role.
More...
In any organization, whether large or small, employees work enthusiastically or with jealousy, cooperate with each other and with the management to achieve the set goals. The relationship between motivation and local government employees is a neglected topic of research in Bulgaria. Therefore, this article attempts to explore the types of motivations that local government employees need to gain, and the extent to which the lack of motivational impact affects the spirit of employees in fulfilling the organization's defined goals, mission and vision.
More...
The governance of the budget on local level key instrument for the achievement of the pre-set goals of the municipalities. A well-organized budget helps to improve the living environment for the citizens. The compilation and implementation of the program budget at local level has its peculiarities. The program budget allows the creation of link between inputs and outputs and it should be able to evaluate the efficiency of implementation. The optimization of financial management at local level can be achieved through the use of various measures. The municipal administration plays an active role in the program budgeting process. Program budget management at local level is developing and it is necessary to take in account the new management trends.
More...
In this article, the author tries to analyze the interaction between local government and the non-governmental sector. The paper presents the good practice for joint work between Municipality of Sozopol and SOZOPOL Foundation. Various projects of cultural, historical, tourist and social character, realized by the Foundation on the territory of Sozopol, and the results of their impact on the life of the local population and the development are presented.
More...
This article, based on the official statutory documents of IIA Poland, shows the beginnings and evolutionary development of the internal audit in Poland and the process of building and integration of the internal auditors’ profession. This paper also presents the effort of people, who in the mid 90s of the 20th century undertook a difficult ‘building from the foundation’ in the promotion of internal audit in banking, private and public sectors. The chosen model of II Global, comprising of the Definition, the Code of Ethics and Standards of internal audit was implemented and is used for improvement of organizations’ operations based on an independent, objective and disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control, and governance processes. The auditors’ environment in Poland supports itself by experience exchange, strengthening the integration and internal audit’s importance in the management process based on the risk evaluation.
More...
This article deals with the current issues of the development of European economic integration and analysis of the level of governance in Member State of the European Union. The need to streamline EU economic governance was mainly during the debt crisis in the Eurozone, where several member countries got in serious economic problems. The economic crisis has affected all members of the EU, but with a different intensity. The following crisis has exposed several weaknesses and specially a high degree of heterogeneity of all Member States. The first part will be devoted to the theory and methods used for real and nominal economic variables in the EU. First, we evaluate the status of governance of Member States and examine whether there has been a reduction in the disparity from the enlargement of the European Union in 2004. We also summarize the existing heterogeneity in EU indicators and basic data concerning economic, political and social variables. In the second part, we will deal with analysis of the results. The main task of this chapter will closely examine how homogenous/heterogeneous the Member States are. Finally, we conclude by explaining the actual status of the level of governance of the European Union. In doing so, we show how each new component of governance and its tools are key factors for not only economic prosperity and development of the EU, but also for preserving and strengthening the EU's position in the world economy.
More...
Reflections on a change (Performing Arts Law) in the Hungarian cultural life which has a great impact on the theatre as well. Thoughts about the role of theatre, profession, audience, and community.
More...
Wydawać się mogło, że kres „Peerelu” otworzy drzwi Centralnego Archiwum Ministerstwa Spraw Wewnętrznych. Już w 1989 — ostatnim roku działania archiwum w dawnych strukturach — można było zauważyć wyraźne złagodzenie zasad udostępniania dokumentów. Ze zbiorów mogli wtedy korzystać nawet studenci Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Pierwsze kroki nowej władzy wskazywały na to, że zmiany będą szły w kierunku dalszej liberalizacji. Zaczęto kompletować nową obsadę archiwum — dyrektorem został Antoni Zieliński, długoletni pracownik Archiwum Akt Nowych. Zwerbowany przez niego zespół gwarantował pełny profesjonalizm i uczciwość w opracowaniu dokumentów. Szybko jednak okazało się, że pracownicy nie mają czego opracowywać i zabezpieczać. Archiwum zostało pozbawione zbiorów i pomieszczeń.
More...
Th is paper introduces the history of the concept of governance in the European and non-European context, putting special emphasis on perspectives that present the most commonways of its defi ning and investigating by diff erent authors in the political sciences and publicpolicy from the past to the present. Knowledge of these perspectives allows to understand andexplore the modes and circumstances related to the coordination of public and social policiesfocused on solution of contemporary societal problems and new social risks. In particular, thepaper presents six diff erent but mostly used perspectives that accentuate (1) the decreasing roleof the government, (2) the way in which large corporations are managed and controlled, (3) theintroduction of new public management, (4) the existence of countries characterized by more or less democratic government, (5) the greater involvement of social actors in addressing societalproblems, and (6) the growing role of inter-organizational and self-organizing networks ofactors infl uencing the policy-making and/or policy implementation of public and social policies.In conclusion, we summarize key findings and briefl y propose concrete analytical steps that canbe used to operationalize the concept of governance in order to best understand the processes of this phenomena that can be explored in public policy as a scientific discipline and societal practice.
More...
