ITEMA 2021 / 5 – Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
ITEMA 2021 / 5 – Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
Contributor(s): Vuk Bevanda (Editor), Paulo Alexandre (Editor)
Subject(s): Social Sciences, Economy
ISSN: 2683-5991
Published by: Udruženje ekonomista i menadžera Balkana
Keywords: Information Technology; Tourism; Economics; Management; Agriculture
Summary/Abstract: The purpose of the annual ITEMA conference is to support the power of scientific research and dissemination of the research results with the objective to enhance society by advancing knowl¬edge; policy-making change, lives, and ultimately, the world. Our objective is to continue to be the foremost annual conference on cutting-edge theory and practice of information technology, tourism, economics, management, and agriculture, encouraging advancement via excellence, and interaction. ITEMA conference aims to bring together the international academic community (experts, sci-entists, engineers, researchers, students, and others) and enable interactive discussions and other forms of interpersonal exchange of experiences and popularization of science and personal and collective affirmation. The annual ITEMA conference is committed to the highest standards of publishing integrity and academic honesty as ensuring ethics in all its publications. Conformance to standards of ethical behavior is therefore expected of all parties involved: authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher. The conference organizer follows the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines on how to deal with potential acts of misconduct. All received full papers prior peer review process are subject to plagiarism check with iThenticate by Turnitin software. Any identified plagiarism automatically disqualifies a paper. Afterward, all full papers are double-blind peer-reviewed by the reviewers drawn from the editorial committee or external reviewers depending on the topic, title, and the subject matter of the paper. Peer reviewers provide a critical assessment of the paper and may recommend improvements. Although the au-thor may choose not to take this advice, we highly recommend that the author address any issues, explaining why their research process or conclusions are correct. The conference program of the 5th International Scientific Conference on Recent Advances in In-formation Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management, and Agriculture - ITEMA 2021 held on October 21, 2021, combined presentations of the latest scientific developments in the field of eco-nomic growth, sustainable development, different aspects of globalization, COVID-19 pandemic, business, marketing, human resource management, entrepreneurship, business intelligence, digital technologies, tourism, agricultural production, organic cultivation, and others. The selection of papers for presentation on the conference day was based on quality, originality, and relevance. ITEMA 2021 keynote speakers were Professor Alla Z. Bobyleva – DSc (Economics) represent¬ing Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow, Russian Federation) with the topic “Design¬ing a sustainable development transformation program for a company” and associate professor Victor-Alexandru BRICIU from the Transilvania University of Brasov, Faculty of Sociology and Communication, Department of Social Sciences and Communication (Brasov, Romania) with the keynote speech titled “Employer of choice concept”. Within publications from the ITEMA 2021 conference: • 11 double peer-reviewed papers have been published in the ITEMA 2021 Selected Papers, • 27 double peer-reviewed papers have been published in the ITEMA 2021 Conference Pro-ceedings, • 59 abstracts have been published in the ITEMA 2021 Book of Abstracts.Altogether ITEMA 2021 publications have more than 400 pages. All full papers have DOI num-bers and ORCID iD integration. Participation in the conference took 120 researchers representing 20 different countries from different universities, eminent faculties, scientific institutes, colleges, various ministries, local governments, public and private enterprises, multinational companies, associations, etc.
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-86-80194-51-6
- Page Count: 213
- Publication Year: 2021
- Language: English
Security of Data and Web Applications during COVID-19
Security of Data and Web Applications during COVID-19
(Security of Data and Web Applications during COVID-19)
- Author(s):Natalija Vugdelija, Nikola Nedeljković, Nenad Kojić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:1-7
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Cyber-attack; Cyber security education; Word Two; Vulnerability of system; Ransomware
- Summary/Abstract:Numerous companies in Serbia have come under attack, including large companies, state-owned companies and institutions. Various security vulnerabilities have been identified, which clearly indicates insufficient education of employees in the field of information systems security, as well as insufficiently developed awareness of the consequences of misuse of unprotected information and vulnerability of systems and applications. This paper lists some security measures, which may prevent unauthorized access to the system and misuse of personal or sensitive data. The paper also lists some examples of attacks using ransomware, which have led to massive data losses. These attacks were carried out via email, which is one of the most common types of malware attack and brings us to the question of whether it is necessary to introduce additional education on the topic of cyber security through the school system.
Evaluation of Digital Transformation of Slovakia
Evaluation of Digital Transformation of Slovakia
(Evaluation of Digital Transformation of Slovakia)
- Author(s):Katarína Belanová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:9-17
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Digitalisation; DESI; GDP per capita
- Summary/Abstract:This paper aims to evaluate the level of digital transformation of Slovakia by the use of the index of digital transformation provided by the European Commission, as well as to examine the relationship between digital transformation and economic development. Since digitalisation is crucial to businesses, Integration of digital technology, as one of DESI 2020 dimensions, was analysed in more detail. Comparison, time series and correlation analyses are used for assessing the issue. The author found out that Slovakia lags far behind in terms of digitalisation. Slovakia is ranked 22nd of 28 evaluated countries, slightly below the EU – 28 average. All relevant indicators, including Integration of digital technology, have not improved enough to keep pace with the EU average. Moreover, the author confirmed the dependence of digital transformation and economic country performance. The implications of this relationship are of significant importance to policymakers regarding how much support should be given to encourage digital transformation.
Authentication and Validation – Workflow Processes
Authentication and Validation – Workflow Processes
(Authentication and Validation – Workflow Processes)
- Author(s):Joao Rocha, Leonilde Reis
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:19-24
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Authentication and validation; Workflow; Integrated Management Systems; Information Systems; Information and Communication Technologies
- Summary/Abstract:All companies are dependent on Information Systems and Communication Technologies for business support to enhance/expand their processes. This article relates to a problem occurring in the field of documentation authentication, highlighting the concerns underlying the use of generic rather than nominal users; the non-establishment of workflow rules that are subject to process improvement, leading to an outdated process and subsequently compromising security rules caused by blocked processes or sharing access to an alternative process in the absence of key stakeholders. The adopted research methodology is Design Science Research, given its characteristics and suitability to the field of research. The main results are the review of the literature in the field of theme as well as incorporating the main causes for the breakdown of security policies caused by the need to follow up a workflow process in each Integrated Management system.
Characteristics of the Development of Nautical Tourism on the Eastern Coast of the Adriatic Sea
Characteristics of the Development of Nautical Tourism
on the Eastern Coast of the Adriatic Sea
(Characteristics of the Development of Nautical Tourism
on the Eastern Coast of the Adriatic Sea)
- Author(s):Srećko Favro, Dora Mužinić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:25-29
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Nautical tourism; Coast; Adriatic; Croatia; Montenegro
- Summary/Abstract:Nautical tourism is nowadays one of the most propulsive forms of tourism. Montenegro, being one of the countries with access to the Adriatic sea, is largely economically behind the others in this group, despite the many natural advantages such as the Bay of Kotor. The proximity and size similarity with Split-Dalmatia County create the possibility of comparing the Montenegrin coast with the latter. For this purpose, the coast of Montenegro is presented in more detail, that is six municipalities together with their existing nautical infrastructure in order to get acquainted with its current state of development. Croatia is one of the most attractive locations in the world, and the most developed charter destination (40%). Among the most attractive and most developed parts of the Croatian Adriatic waters is the Split-Dalmatia County which is similar in area and length to the coast of Montenegro. A review of nautical tourism in Split-Dalmatia County and its better-distributed offer shows a difference in relation to the contradictory uneven development of nautical tourism in Montenegro. Statistical comparison of all relevant data such as financial effects and charter offers in the available part shows the possibilities of development and unused resources of the Montenegrin coast. Finally, this points to the need for quality organization of the nautical system of Montenegro to properly use the rich natural potential to create conditions for setting standards in the industry that has the most successful future.
The Role of Tourism Enterprises in Kosovo
The Role of Tourism Enterprises in Kosovo
(The Role of Tourism Enterprises in Kosovo)
- Author(s):Idriz KOVAÇI, Alberta TAHIRI
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:31-36
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Tourism enterprises; Gastronomic enterprises; New products; Income
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to assess the importance of the tourism enterprises in Kosovo in the level of satisfaction of tourists visiting Kosovo and in identifying the role played by the restaurant sector in promoting the traditional cuisine of the area, based on local production. The data to carry out this work were provided from extensive and contemporary literature as well as from primary sources, using quantitative research through questionnaires and qualitative research through in-depth interviews with chefs of restaurants operating in the tourist areas of Kosovo.
The State in the Neoliberal Economy and Problems of Modern Society
The State in the Neoliberal Economy and Problems of Modern Society
(The State in the Neoliberal Economy and Problems of Modern Society)
- Author(s):Nenad D. Dugalić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:37-41
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Government; Neoliberal economy; Consumption; Pandemic
- Summary/Abstract:Neoliberalism rejects a society based on tradition, encourages the weakening of state institutions and especially undermines the system of social protection through poorly implemented privatization and thus creates ideal conditions for international corporations to acquire huge capital. This leads to the fact that the state and state bodies can no longer perform their role of regulators on the national market, but practically serve the interests of large international corporations. In recent years, modern society has witnessed the expansion of global crises manifested through climate changes, the imbalance of the global economy and other inequalities, which ultimately through economic poverty leads to an explosion in nature that manifests itself in global pandemics such as this one today. All this requires a special approach and the development of longterm strategies in order to avoid such crises in the future or at least reduce them to the level of tolerability.
The Coronavirus Pandemic and Its Impact upon Companies from Bihor County
The Coronavirus Pandemic and Its Impact upon Companies from Bihor County
(The Coronavirus Pandemic and Its Impact upon Companies from Bihor County)
- Author(s):Ciprian-Beniamin Benea, Adrian Negrea, Adina Sacara Onita
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:43-49
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Bihor county; COVID-19; Kurzarbeit; Subsidies
- Summary/Abstract:As the pandemic force started to affect the whole world in the first part of 2020, Romania’s economy and society made no exception; as the paper shortly presents the effects and perspectives brought by this pandemic upon humankind, the main focus of the paper is a region in Romania, Bihor county, respectively. It presents how COVID-19 influenced normal economic-social activity, and the way the Romanian government reacted to this global problem, through different instruments, such as subsidies. The main purpose of this article is to present the way COVID-19 affected a region in an Eastern European country and the way the Romanian government searched for a solution in order to reduce the negative influences of this plague. The main method of analysis is based on statistical data collected by and from a regional employment agency from Bihor county (AJOFM-Bihor).
Foreign Direct Investments in North Macedonia and the Balkan Region for the Period 2000–2021
Foreign Direct Investments in North Macedonia and the Balkan Region for the Period 2000–2021
(Foreign Direct Investments in North Macedonia and the Balkan Region for the Period 2000–2021)
- Author(s):Ivona Tasevska, Pece Nedanovski
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:51-63
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Foreign direct investment; GDP; Net outflows; North Macedonia; Balkan region
- Summary/Abstract:Having in mind that North Macedonia’s goal is to integrate as much as possible into the global economy, it is particularly important to examine the extent and impact of FDI in North Macedonia. The topic underlines the importance that fulfills the purpose of this research, which is why foreign direct investment is important for a country, the factors that influence its growth and implementation in society. FDI is the driver of productivity, investment and economic growth. In addition, FDI increases the competitive pressure on the domestic market and stimulates technology transfer, innovation and digitalization. Through comparative analysis, we will try to show the movement of foreign direct investment in our country compared to countries in the region.
Small and Medium Enterprises and the Microeconomic Role
Small and Medium Enterprises and the Microeconomic Role
(Small and Medium Enterprises and the Microeconomic Role)
- Author(s):Delia Rosu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:65-71
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Finance increasing; SMEs growth; Microeconomics
- Summary/Abstract:Even if a lot of the businesses depend on authorities (infrastructure, national promotion, etc.) solving the problems is still a microeconomic task. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have always been recognized as the driver of a critical sector of the economy and the SMEs will continue to remain as the backbone of several countries’ economic development throughout the world. Due to the economic and social importance of the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) for the economy, compared to large businesses, they are supposed to be more vulnerable, riskier, and so it is more difficult to obtain external sources of finance for them. The article aims to evaluate SMEs finance from the perspective of selected domestic and foreign initiatives, as well as to propose the measures for the im¬provement of SME finance.
Modelling of Non-Maturing Liabilities in Survival Period for Liquidity Risk Management Purposes
Modelling of Non-Maturing Liabilities in Survival Period for Liquidity Risk Management Purposes
(Modelling of Non-Maturing Liabilities in Survival Period for Liquidity Risk Management Purposes)
- Author(s):Patrik Mihalech
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:73-79
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Liquidity risk; Bootstrap simulation; Non-maturing liabilities
- Summary/Abstract:Correct assessment of banking risks is essential for a healthy banking system and the development of economy. This paper focuses on liquidity risk management, more specifically on modelling of non-maturing liabilities. Liquidity risk emerges as a consequence of uncertainty in terms of future cash inflows and outflows. Due to the fact, that result of a liquidity crisis is not only loss, but directly bankruptcy of financial institutions, liquidity risk belongs among major banking risks. This paper aims to project future cash outflows emerging from corporate deposit accounts without contractual maturity with a focus on stress outflows, in case of crisis. Bootstrap simulation techniques are introduced and performed on anonymized historical time series of cumulative corporate balances of Slovak commercial banks. Stress scenario based on analysis is proposed as entry to the calculation of broader liquidity Survival period indicator.
COVID-19 Research Streams Emerging in International Financial Reporting Standards Related Studies
COVID-19 Research Streams Emerging in International Financial Reporting Standards Related Studies
(COVID-19 Research Streams Emerging in International Financial Reporting Standards Related Studies)
- Author(s):Marcia R.C. Santos, Rui Dias, Paula Heliodoro, Paulo Alexandre
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:81-86
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:IFRS; COVID-19; Academic studies
- Summary/Abstract:Interpretation for the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) became to be challenging for organizations. Over time, these standards are changed to accommodate the improvements identified in accounting rules. COVID-19 pandemic impacted accounting reporting considering that contingencies and risks arising from this health crisis should be reported to stakeholders. In order to provide empirical evidence of the most important COVID-19 related practical and academic issues and challenges addressed by academics when reporting under IFRS, this study applies an automated computer-aided analysis for clustering the bibliometric data published concerning IFRS and COVID-19. The results support academic studies and practitioners by identifying the COVID-19 research streams that received the most attention in 2020. This study also suggests guidelines for future research that derive from past academic contributions.
International Accounting Standards Board: An Examination of the Main Financial and Accounting Topics Addressed in the Literature Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic
International Accounting Standards Board: An Examination of the Main Financial and Accounting Topics Addressed in the Literature Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic
(International Accounting Standards Board: An Examination of the Main Financial and Accounting Topics Addressed in the Literature Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic)
- Author(s):Marcia R.C. Santos, Paulo Alexandre, Paula Heliodoro, Rui Dias
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:87-91
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:International Accounting Standards Board (IASB); Literature; COVID-19
Changing Perspectives: An Employer’s Branding as a Communication Tool during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Changing Perspectives: An Employer’s Branding as a Communication Tool during the COVID-19 Pandemic
(Changing Perspectives: An Employer’s Branding as a Communication Tool during the COVID-19 Pandemic)
- Author(s):Tina Tomažič, Anita Kovačič Čelofiga
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:93-102
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Employer branding; COVID-19 pandemic; Communication
- Summary/Abstract:Many companies and organizations in the labor market are facing “War for talents”. In order to acquire new, and retain existing employees, and, at the same time, to be considered the best employer on the market, more and more organizations are building and managing their own brand of employer. The employer’s branding is most often associated with the activities of Marketing and Human Resources management experts; but, in practice, it often turns out that in the process, an indispensable partner in building the employer’s branding is ignored, i.e. communication experts. Therefore, in this article, we defend the position that employer branding is also a communication skill, which, however, needs to be adapted to the current situation in these turbulent times associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. This includes digitizing and adapting employer branding communication to both the needs of target groups and the requirements of digital processes. Therefore, the paper examined the societal change in work norms caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, to contribute to a more successful and efficient branding of the modern employer as a form of strategic communication in both the virtual and hybrid work environments.
Marketing Manipulation in the 21st Century
Marketing Manipulation in the 21st Century
(Marketing Manipulation in the 21st Century)
- Author(s):Tina Vukasović, Kristina Ljubičić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:103-112
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Manipulative advertising; Manipulative techniques; Deceptive advertising; False arguments; Emotional persuasion; Conscious consumer; Conscious advertising
- Summary/Abstract:The research assessed aspects of manipulative advertising, their execution, and expected impacts on consumer behavior in general regarding any purchase of a product or service worldwide. The research aims to guide quantitative consumer perception research through carefully designed and efficiently conducted research. The analysis of the collected primary data revealed that manipulation in marketing is very common and that it appears at every step and thus began to be one of the main players when creating marketing ads. Furthermore, respondents expressed concern about manipulative advertising of food brands and preferred that this advertising was often practiced on services as well. Research has proven that there is a largely hidden manipulation that at first glance is not immediately noticeable and is hidden in consumers primarily evokes the emotions of the need for the product, the desire to do the same, and ultimately the purchase.
Positioning a Brand on the Market
Positioning a Brand on the Market
(Positioning a Brand on the Market)
- Author(s):Aleksandar Brzaković, Stefan Brzaković
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:113-118
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Brand; Positioning; Storytelling
- Summary/Abstract:Brand positioning is a process of creating an impression of a brand in the consumer’s awareness using different strategies, including prices, promotion, distribution, packing and competitiveness. Positioning is an act of modeling the offer and reputation of a company so that it can specially position itself in the consumer’s awareness on a target market. In order to create a positioning strategy, a brand’s unique characteristics need to be identified and what differentiates it from the competition needs to be determined. Positioning calls for the identification of a target market, the identification and analysis of the competition and a brand’s optimal points of parity and points of difference. Competition can be researched from the point of view of the industry (branch) and from the point of view of the market itself. Brand mantras are used to position a brand, indicating what the brand offers and for what reason it is superior in relation to other competitive brands. While standard brand positioning models are based upon detailed consumer, company and competition analyses, there are also newly appearing creative approaches to brand positioning, such as storytelling or a journalistic brand chronicle.
Influence of the Space Management on the Competitiveness at the Point of Sale
Influence of the Space Management on the Competitiveness at the Point of Sale
(Influence of the Space Management on the Competitiveness at the Point of Sale)
- Author(s):Mirjana Nedović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:119-124
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Space management; Competitiveness; Management; Point of sale layout
- Summary/Abstract:The influence of space management on competitiveness at the point of sale is characterized as a significant factor that should not be neglected. Space management is an important concept through the application of which sales are increased and customer requirements and wishes are satisfied. Information technologies have a great impact on reducing the time of good organization of space, and with the help of the aforementioned, it is possible to monitor the achievement of business plans and goals for certain product categories. The purpose of this paper is to point out the importance of a well-organized and well-arranged point of sale on the competitiveness of the store itself in relation to other actors within the same industry. In the paper will be presented an example of companies. Data were collected through observation and experimentation, and with the applied analysis, synthesis and abstraction methods, it has been concluded on the quality of space management, which has implications for the competitiveness at the point of sale.
Evaluating the Applicability of the TTM in the Marketing Practice of Krishna Consciousness in France
Evaluating the Applicability of the TTM in the Marketing Practice of Krishna Consciousness in France
(Evaluating the Applicability of the TTM in the Marketing Practice of Krishna Consciousness in France)
- Author(s):Krisztina Bence Kiss
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:125-132
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change; Religious marketing; Marketing religion; Marketing mix; Tourism marketing
- Summary/Abstract:Analyzing the promotional activities of Krishna Conscious communities of Europe a new model was discovered, in which they promote their religion by creating a tourist product in the form of rural community. The former analysis of the behaviors of the visitors of Krishna-conscious communities in numerous European countries has shown that the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983) may be applied to study engagement to a religious community. In this paper, this model was tested via qualitative methods of observation and in-depth interviews on the example of New Mayapur in France, evaluating whether the model is applicable similarly to the other European countries analyzed previously. The aim was to find out whether the TTM is applicable in the case of New Mayapur. The researches have shown that TTM may be applied to the case of France, just like the other European countries examined before.
Social Well-Being of Trading Leaders – Dimension Assessment
Social Well-Being of Trading Leaders – Dimension Assessment
(Social Well-Being of Trading Leaders – Dimension Assessment)
- Author(s):Lucia Zbihlejová, Zuzana Birknerová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:133-138
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Well-Being; Trader; Customer; Dimensions; Keyes
- Summary/Abstract:Currently in the field of management and psychology, when the economic growth changes rapidly, work in trade is becoming more and more challenging and places demands on trading leaders to synergistically combine the theoretical and practical knowledge and experience in the aforementioned field. The feeling of personal well-being comprises life satisfaction, positive emotions and happiness. It is closely associated with the fact that an individual feels healthy, educated, with high self-esteem and work ethic. Therefore, the paper aims to assess the necessity of social well-being in the work of trading leaders. The main research objective is to determine the existence of statistically significant differences in the assessment of the dimensions of social well-being between customers and trading leaders. The focus is on the following dimensions of social well-being by Keyes and Lopez (2002): Social integration, Social acceptance, Social contribution, Social actualization, and Social coherence. Based on statistical analyses in the statistical software SPSS22, statistically significant differences in assessing the dimensions of social well-being in trade between customers and trading leaders were identified. It can be concluded that trading leaders perceive social well-being more intensely and are more aware of its necessity than customers, which may represent a possible suggestion for deeper research into this current topic.
Consumer Attitude in the Context of Private Education Services
Consumer Attitude in the Context of Private Education Services
(Consumer Attitude in the Context of Private Education Services)
- Author(s):Madalin Lucian Cerceloiu, Valentina Luliana Diaconu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:139-146
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Attitude; Consumer behavior; Private education services; Pre-university education; Qualitative research
- Summary/Abstract:The paper presents an analysis of consumer attitudes regarding private pre-university education services and provides a view of consumer behavior with the use of the three components of attitude: affective component, cognitive component and conative component. The objective of this analysis was to study and identify visible and less visible attitudes regarding the use of private education services. Attitude is one of the essential variables of behavior that can influence the buyer’s decision when they want to purchase a product or a service. The qualitative research that has been conducted in order to investigate the subject regarding attitude has revealed that attitude is closely linked to financial elements, distribution, placement, advertising or social pressure. Children’s education is a very important subject for both parents and future parents and thus a series of particularities can be extracted from the relations that form between attitude and perception, attitude and learning, attitude and motivation and attitude and effective behavior. Attitude represents a state of mental promptitude, organized through experience, that exercises a dynamic influence on the response of the individual. Attitude can have a positive direction or a negative direction; it can have low or high intensity and can be of many types.
Gender Distribution of Enrolled Students in Institutions of a Higher Education in the Republic of Croatia
Gender Distribution of Enrolled Students in Institutions of a Higher Education in the Republic of Croatia
(Gender Distribution of Enrolled Students in Institutions of a Higher Education in the Republic of Croatia)
- Author(s):Sandra Mrvica Mađarac
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:147-152
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Gender distribution; Enrolled students; Higher education; Science field
- Summary/Abstract:One of the basic demographic distributions is the one concerning the population gender structure. Through the share of highly educated women and men, it can be revealed their position in society. Gender equality is considered through the highest value of the constitutional order of the Republic of Croatia as in accordance with Article 3 of the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia. Given the growth in the number of higher educational institutions in the Republic of Croatia and even greater offer of study programmes, we can put a question which gender of students enrols in which study programme, what is also the purpose of this research paper. Following the published data of the Central Bureau of Statistics, in the paper are investigated and analysed data on enrolled students by the system of the higher institutions, by science field, the gender distribution of enrolled students on postgraduate specialist and doctoral studies in line with the field of science, and the students who graduated from higher institutions. The observed academic years are 2007 / 2008 and 2019 / 2020, respectively.
Analysis of Differences in the Manifestations of Manipulation among Traders in Terms of Gender and Education
Analysis of Differences in the Manifestations of Manipulation among Traders in Terms of Gender and Education
(Analysis of Differences in the Manifestations of Manipulation among Traders in Terms of Gender and Education)
- Author(s):Anna Tomková, Dagmara Ratnayake Kaščakova, Ivana Ondrijová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:153-160
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Manipulation; Machiavellianism; Traders
- Summary/Abstract:Manipulation occurs quite often in the work of a trader and is related to personal and socio-demographic characteristics. The term manipulation is included under the term Machiavellianism, which describes the abuse of other persons to achieve the manipulator’s own goals. The aim of the paper is to examine the differences in the manifestations of manipulation in traders in terms of their gender and education. The research sample consisted of 123 traders, of which 54 (44%) were men and 69 (56%) women. In terms of education, 47 (38%) respondents achieved secondary and vocational education and 76 respondents (62%) completed higher education. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey using two methodologies. For the purposes of detecting Machiavellian manifestations, it was the CASADI methodology (Calculativeness, Self-Assertion, Diplomacy) and for the determination of Machiavellian personality the MPS methodology (Machiavellian Personality Scale). The results of both used methods confirmed the expected differences. According to the CASADI methodology, from the point of view of gender, a statistically significant difference was found in the assessment of one of the attributes of Machiavellian manifestations, namely the attribute Diplomacy, where women scored higher. In terms of education, a statistically significant difference was found in the Self-Assertion attribute, where traders with a university degree scored higher. According to the MPS methodology, significant differences were recorded in the assessment of the attributes Amorality and Desire for status. In comparison, men scored higher on these two indicators. The results of the analysis in terms of education showed higher scores in all attributes for traders with a higher education. The obtained results are similar to the results of previous research and confirm the importance of socio-demographic characteristics in the manifestations of manipulative behavior.
Influence of External Factors on the Domestic Price of Agri-Food Products
Influence of External Factors on the Domestic Price of Agri-Food Products
(Influence of External Factors on the Domestic Price of Agri-Food Products)
- Author(s):Volodymyr Olefir
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:161-167
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Globalization; Price stability; COVID-19 pandemic; Regulatory policy; World price; Net export; Ukraine
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of the study was to identify the influence of external factors on the price dynamics of the domestic market of agri-food products. A separate task was to evaluate the effectiveness of the policy of maintaining price stability and to develop recommendations for its improvement. The influence of external factors (world price, net export, import price) on the domestic price of agri food products is studied. The analysis covers the peri¬od 2003-2021. The influence of external factors on the domestic price of agri-food products in the conditions of the global financial crisis of 2007-2009 and the COVID-19 pandemic is investigated and compared. The effective¬ness of measures to stabilize domestic prices in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is considered. Proposals for maintaining the price stability in the domestic market of agri-food products have been developed.
Impact of Government Spending on the Growth of Agricultural Production in Kosovo and Export of Agricultural Products
Impact of Government Spending on the Growth of Agricultural Production in Kosovo and Export of Agricultural Products
(Impact of Government Spending on the Growth of Agricultural Production in Kosovo and Export of Agricultural Products)
- Author(s):Alberta TAHIRI, Idriz KOVAÇI
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:169-176
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Government Support; Agricultural Sector; Productivity
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of government spending on the volume of production and the export of agricultural products from Kosovo. For that purpose, secondary data sources from relevant state institutions were used. Based on these data, calculations of the coefficient of determination and the correlation coefficient were made in order to determine whether and to what extent government expenditures in Kosovo affect the volume of agricultural production and exports of agricultural products. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that government expenditures for the agricultural sector have almost no impact and do not contribute to increased production and export of agricultural products. The fact that the import of agricultural products in Kosovo is far greater than the export of agricultural products speaks even more in favour of this thesis.
The Social Sustainability of Organic Cultivation with S-LCA Application in Research Project
The Social Sustainability of Organic Cultivation with S-LCA Application in Research Project
(The Social Sustainability of Organic Cultivation with S-LCA Application in Research Project)
- Author(s):Alfredo Ernesto Di Noia, Giulio Mario Cappelletti, Carlo Russo
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:177-182
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Social sustainability; S-LCA; Life Cycle Assessment
- Summary/Abstract:In this paper, the authors aim to present the methodology used to measure social sustainability, which is being implemented in a research project called “Innovations in organic agriculture to improve the sustainability of Apulian farms for cereal and industrial crops.” The authors used the social life cycle assessment (S-LCA), based on the life cycle assessment, particularly the subcategory assessment method. The authors developed a questionnaire to collect information about workers and the time worked (weekly working hours, working weeks) in each plot of the experimentation plan. The authors administered the questionnaire to multiple recipients categorized as three identified types of stakeholders (workers, local community, consumers) to triangulate the answers. The use of the S-LCA in experiments in the agricultural sector, which presents critical issues in the social sustainability of production, could become a strategic tool for achieving sustainable development in agri-food sector.
Economic Viability of the Hydromulching in Artichokes.
Economic Viability of the Hydromulching in Artichokes.
(Economic Viability of the Hydromulching in Artichokes.)
- Author(s):Jose Manuel Brotons Martinez, Amparo Galvez, Mariam Romero, Josefa Lopez Marin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:183-189
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Eco-friendly; Microplastic; Mulch; Weed control
- Summary/Abstract:Although its utility, excessive use of low-density polyethylene mulches is contributing to the accumulation of high amounts of plastic wastes and environmental problems for agricultural ecosystems. The objective of this work was to study the economic viability of the use of different hydromulches in an artichoke crop. Three blends were prepared by mixing paper pulp and cardboard with different additives: wheat straw (WS), rice hulls (RH), and substrate used for mushroom cultivation (MS). These were compared with low-density polyethylene (Pe), a treatment without mulching on bare soil where hand weeding was performed (HW), and treatment without mulching on bare soil where herbicide was applied (H). The results indicate that the use of hydromulch in an artichoke crop represents a good alternative for reducing plastic waste in agriculture. The net profits of the hydromulch treatments (MS, WS, RH) were higher than for HW and H, and slightly lower than for Pe
Negative Migration Balance as an Indicator of Regional Political System Sustainability before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic (The Case Study of the Trans-Baikal Territory).
Negative Migration Balance as an Indicator of Regional Political System Sustainability before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic (The Case Study of the Trans-Baikal Territory).
(Negative Migration Balance as an Indicator of Regional Political System Sustainability before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic (The Case Study of the Trans-Baikal Territory).)
- Author(s):Yulia Matafonova, Tatyana Gordeeva
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:191-201
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:COVID-19; Migration; Negative migration balance; Regional political system; Sustainability of a regional political system
- Summary/Abstract:The article deals with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on indicators of migration outflow from the Trans-Baikal Territory and interpretation of the results obtained based on the authors’ theoretical provisions concerning the sustainability of a regional political system (a constituent entity of a federal state). The analysis of theoretical approaches to sustainability of the political system allowed us to formulate the essence of the sustainability towards the regional political system operating within the framework of the federal organization of political and territorial space of the state. The analysis of migration processes and comparison of the results of the similar periods (before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the pandemic) revealed a general trend of non-decreasing migration outflow of the population from the Trans-Baikal Territory. The restrictive conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic had little impact on the quantitative indicators of migration in the Trans-Baikal Territory, without reducing negative migration balance. The obtained results allowed us to conclude that the regional po¬litical system is unstable – it is unable to create comfortable and attractive living conditions for the regional community.
The Use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in the Republic of North Macedonia as a Sustainable Alternative Fuel: Regulation, Condition and Market Participants
The Use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in the Republic of North Macedonia as a Sustainable Alternative Fuel: Regulation, Condition and Market Participants
(The Use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in the Republic of North Macedonia as a Sustainable Alternative Fuel: Regulation, Condition and Market Participants)
- Author(s):Serjoza Markov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:203-213
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:LPG; Oil derivatives; Regulatory Commission for Energy and Water Services in Republic of North Macedonia; Legislative; Participants; Retail network
- Summary/Abstract:First and foremost, the main inspiration for a specific issue in this paper is the use of the Liquefied Petroleum Gas – „LPG“ as а sustainable alternative fuel for transport in the Republic of North Macedonia. The questions that arise as a basis are: finding the reason why the progress in usage of alternative fuels is still slow and insufficient in the country and what are the advantages of the „LPG“ as most available fuel of this type, including the reduction of harmful CO2 emissions- as the most important benefit. By summarizing in one place all the theoretical and empirical aspects, we are finding the answer by analyzing the legal framework, the condition and the participants in the market of oil and oil derivatives in the country for the analyzed period of three years (2017-2019). The results and conclusions of the research shall be achieved via comprehensive analysis, and by finding the answers to the posed questions through the: theoretical analysis, the inductive and deductive methods, as well as description methods, whereas the techniques utilized shall be questionnaires, interviews, observations. The goal is achieved through: elaboration of legislation in the Republic of North Macedonia, emphasizing benefits of the LPG as alternative fuel and determination of the obstacles for its usage.
