ITEMA 2023 / 7 – Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture - SELECTED PAPERS
ITEMA 2023 / 7 – Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture - SELECTED PAPERS
Contributor(s): Vuk Bevanda (Editor), Paula Heliodoro (Editor)
Subject(s): Social Sciences, Economy
ISSN: 2683-5991
Published by: Udruženje ekonomista i menadžera Balkana
Keywords: Information Technology; Tourism; Economics; Management; Agriculture
Summary/Abstract: The purpose of the annual ITEMA conference is to support the power of scientific research and dissemination of the research results with the objective to enhance society by advancing knowledge; policy-making change, lives, and ultimately, the world. Our objective is to continue to be the foremost annual conference on cutting-edge theory and practice of information technology, tourism, economics, management, and agriculture, encouraging advancement via excellence, and interaction. ITEMA conference aims to bring together the international academic community (experts, scientists, engineers, researchers, students, and others) and enable interactive discussions and other forms of interpersonal exchange of experiences and popularization of science and personal and collective affirmation. The annual ITEMA conference is committed to the highest standards of publishing integrity and academic honesty as ensuring ethics in all its publications. Conformance to standards of ethical behavior is therefore expected of all parties involved: authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher. The conference organizer follows the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines on how to deal with potential acts of misconduct. All received full papers prior peer review process are subject to plagiarism check with iThenticate by Turnitin software. Any identified plagiarism automatically disqualifies a paper. Afterward, all full papers are double-blind peer-reviewed by the reviewers drawn from the editorial committee or external reviewers depending on the topic, title, and the subject matter of the paper. Peer reviewers provide a critical assessment of the paper and may recommend improvements. Although the author may choose not to take this advice, we highly recommend that the author address any issues, explaining why their research process or conclusions are correct. The conference program of the 7th International Scientific Conference on Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management, and Agriculture - ITEMA 2023 held on October 26, 2023, at the Faculty of Organization and Informatics Varaždin University of Zagreb, Croatia; combined presentations of the latest scientific developments in the field of the emerging trend of wine tourism in Albania and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the U.S. housing market and ICT use in marketing in Montenegro. The studies also cover corporate governance in the energy sector, the influence of crises on Southeast Asian capital markets, and the efficiency of Croatia’s banking sector. Additionally, the papers discuss the role of project teams in sustainable economies, engagement incentives for IT professionals in Bulgaria, and consumer responses to sustainable consumption, with insights gained from eye-tracking experiments. Furthermore, the ITEMA 2023 conference covered the positive and negative effects of digital content consumption, the potential of cryptocurrencies in risk management, and the experiential dimensions driving local producers, the impact of digitalization on HR performance in Morocco, AI adoption in Slovenia, and large language models in text mining are explored, alongside the analysis of cryptocurrencies in tourism and corporate governance’s influence on financial performance in the energy sector, etc. ITEMA 2023 keynote speaker was Ilijana Petrovska, Program Leader of Digital Marketing MSc at Northumbria in Qatar and Full-Time Professor at University American College Skopje, North Macedonia with the topic Customer Empowerment in Digital Age.
Within publications from the ITEMA 2023 conference: • 24 double peer-reviewed papers have been published in the ITEMA 2023 Selected Papers, • 44 double peer-reviewed papers have been published in the ITEMA 2023 Conference Proceedings, • 47 abstracts have been published in the ITEMA 2023 Book of Abstracts. Altogether ITEMA 2023 publications have more than 700 pages. All full papers have DOI numbers and ORCID iD integration. Participation in the conference took more than 200 researchers representing 25 different countries from different universities, eminent faculties, scientific institutes, colleges, various ministries, local governments, public and private enterprises, multinational companies, associations, etc.
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-86-80194-76-9
- Page Count: 244
- Publication Year: 2023
- Language: English
Blockchain for Business: An Overview and Benchmarking Analysis of Key Technologies
Blockchain for Business: An Overview and Benchmarking Analysis of Key Technologies
(Blockchain for Business: An Overview and Benchmarking Analysis of Key Technologies)
- Author(s):Muhamet Zeneli, Ezmolda BAROLLI
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:1-10
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Blockchain; Blockchain for business; Hyperledger Fabric; Hyperledger Sawtooth; Corda; Consensys Quorum; Benchmarking analysis
- Summary/Abstract:The adoption of blockchain technology in business applications has seen rapid growth in recent years. As enterprises explore the potential benefits of blockchain, it becomes imperative to evaluate various blockchain technologies to make informed decisions about their implementation. This paper presents an overview of blockchain technologies tailored for business use cases and analyzes prominent platforms such as Hyperledger Fabric, Hyperledger Sawtooth, Corda, and Consensys Quorum. This study provides valuable insights for enterprises seeking to deploy blockchain solutions by evaluating key metrics such as performance, scalability, security, and consensus and conducting a cross-industry benchmarking analysis. The evaluation process will be based on a comparative and in-depth analysis of the current state of research. The findings shed light on the potential benefits of each blockchain technology, facilitating informed decision-making and promoting the responsible adoption of blockchain in the business environment.
Conceptual Model of a Software Accessibility Evaluation System
Conceptual Model of a Software Accessibility Evaluation System
(Conceptual Model of a Software Accessibility Evaluation System)
- Author(s):Radka Valerieva Nacheva
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:11-20
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Software accessibility; Software evaluation; Digital workplace accessibility; Software quality
- Summary/Abstract:The percentage of people with disabilities has increased, with 1.3 billion people worldwide having some form of disability. Advancements in technology have made it easier for people with disabilities to access resources. However, many computer systems and software lack built-in accessibility features, making accessibility assessment software tools crucial for creating an accessible digital environment. They serve to automate the collection of interface usage data, its analysis, or the solution of potential problems in providing digital accessibility. These tools record user interactions, analyze accessibility issues, and make recommendations for improvement. In this regard, this paper aims to propose a high-level conceptual model of a software accessibility evaluation system’s prototype. The main objective is to study attributes of software quality and existing systems for evaluating accessibility.
Impact of Electronic Data Interchange on Business Communication and Communication Strategy Evolution in the Digital Age
Impact of Electronic Data Interchange on Business Communication and Communication Strategy Evolution in the Digital Age
(Impact of Electronic Data Interchange on Business Communication and Communication Strategy Evolution in the Digital Age)
- Author(s):Mirjana Tankosić, Ivana Ercegovac
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:21-30
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Business communication; Digital transformation; Communication strategies; Digital media; Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
- Summary/Abstract:The research focuses on strategic approaches employed by businesses to enhance communication efficiency amidst the pervasive digital metamorphosis, with a primary emphasis on the role of EDI. The study unfolds in two dimensions: first, the optimization of communication channels through EDI, emphasizing accelerated information flow, reduced errors, and strengthened relationships. Second, it delves into personalized communication in the digital transformation era, revealing how companies leverage EDI for tailored messages, heightening customer engagement and conversion rates. The study explores the evolving role of communication professionals, emphasizing the acquisition of data analysis skills in a data-driven business environment. The paper introduces a specialized algorithm to illuminate the intricacies of the EDI process, providing a systematic approach to grasp the electronic organization, translation, and transmission of data. It underscores the importance of cybersecurity, especially in handling sensitive data in increased digital interactions. The study offers guidance on enhancing communication strategies amid ongoing digitization.
Impact of Digitalization on the Performance of Human Resources in Listed Companies in Morocco
Impact of Digitalization on the Performance of Human Resources in Listed Companies in Morocco
(Impact of Digitalization on the Performance of Human Resources in Listed Companies in Morocco)
- Author(s):Yassine Elhenchaoui, El Bourki Mohamed
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:31-42
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Digitalization; HR Performance; Companies listed on the Casablanca Stock Exchange
- Summary/Abstract:The digital age has brought about significant upheavals in the functioning and structure of organizations worldwide. This article investigates the impact of digitalization on the performance of Human Resources (HR) within companies listed on the Casablanca Stock Exchange in Morocco. The adopted methodology is based on structural equation modeling. In this regard, a survey was conducted among the HR departments of 70 companies listed in Casablanca. The results show significant correlations between the implementation of digital technologies in HR processes and an improvement in the performance of these departments. This article highlights the importance of digitalization as a strategic lever to enhance the efficiency of HR functions while underscoring the unique challenges faced in the Moroccan context. These findings provide valuable insights for practitioners and decision-makers looking to optimize their HR strategies in the digital age.
Digital Transformation and Its Influence on Governance: Insights from Moroccan Service Sector SMEs
Digital Transformation and Its Influence on Governance: Insights from Moroccan Service Sector SMEs
(Digital Transformation and Its Influence on Governance: Insights from Moroccan Service Sector SMEs)
- Author(s):Hama Ahmed, Karim Khaddouj
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:43-52
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Digital transformation; Governance; SMEs; Service sector; Morocco; Structural equation modeling; Survey; Leadership; Technological adoption
- Summary/Abstract:The current digital era presents both challenges and opportunities for businesses worldwide. This research delves into the relationship between digital transformation and the governance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the Moroccan service sector. Utilizing responses from a survey of leaders from 200 SMEs throughout Morocco, the study employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to elucidate the intricate relationships. The results indicate a notable link between the adoption of digital strategies and improved governance. Yet, hurdles such as integrating technology and enhancing employee skills remain. This paper provides a deeper understanding of the nexus between digital transformation and governance, spotlighting the distinct context of Moroccan SMEs.
A New Approach to the Logistics 4.0 Measuring Model in SMEs
A New Approach to the Logistics 4.0 Measuring Model in SMEs
(A New Approach to the Logistics 4.0 Measuring Model in SMEs)
- Author(s):Hanifi Murat Mutlu, Burhan Cevik
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:53-62
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Industry 4.0; Logistics 4.0; Measuring Logistics 4.0; Firm performance
- Summary/Abstract:An important source of competitive advantage for logistic functions is to include the processes brought using the Industry 4.0 approach in their business models. The main problem is how to measure the logistics 4.0 levels of enterprises. Therefore, this study aims to develop a model for measuring the degree of logistics 4.0 (DoL_4.0) in SMEs. This measurement model is based on the usage scores of logistics 4.0 technologies used in businesses, usage scores in logistic activities, and the number of technologies used. Second, the relationship between DoL_4.0 and firm performance was examined. Our data were collected using the convenience sampling method in Gaziantep, Turkey. Because this research was an exploratory study, data were collected from 57 companies. In order to test the study topics, correlation analyses were conducted. The findings revealed robust correlations among the variables under investigation. The paper concludes with a discussion of the management and theoretical implications of the study’s findings.
Comparative Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Adoption in Small and Large Companies in Slovenia
Comparative Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Adoption in Small and Large Companies in Slovenia
(Comparative Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Adoption in Small and Large Companies in Slovenia)
- Author(s):Maja Rožman, Polona Tominc, Katja Crnogaj
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:63-72
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Companies; Employees; Artificial intelligence
- Summary/Abstract:The paper presents a comparative analysis of adopting artificial intelligence (AI) in small and large companies in Slovenia. The study examines the current landscape of AI usage, including its application in various operational areas such as AI-supported acquiring and retaining talented employees, AI-supported appropriate training and development of employees, and implementation of AI technology in a work environment. A survey was conducted among a sample of small and large companies across different industries in Slovenia. The results provide valuable insights for policymakers, managers, and researchers interested in understanding the dynamics of AI adoption in the Slovenian business context. Ultimately, this research contributes to the growing body of literature on AI adoption by shedding light on the unique challenges and opportunities faced by small and large companies in Slovenia, facilitating informed decision-making and strategic planning for future AI implementation initiatives.
Application of Large Language Models for Text Mining: The Study of ChatGPT
Application of Large Language Models for Text Mining: The Study of ChatGPT
(Application of Large Language Models for Text Mining: The Study of ChatGPT)
- Author(s):Miloš Živadinović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:73-80
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Large language models; ChatGPT; Text mining
- Summary/Abstract:The appearance of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought advancements in natural language processing (NLP), making it more available to everyone. This paper examines the application of LLMs in text mining, with a focus on ChatGPT by OpenAI. The author provides a brief overview of LLMs, highlighting their structure and training techniques, as well as parameter tuning. Utilizing ChatGPT as an example of an LLM, this paper identifies the model’s capabilities and constraints in extracting insights from textual data. Based on the author’s findings, they suggest several applications of LLMs for text mining that provide better text comprehension and set the tone for further research.
How Can AI-Powered Solutions Improve Communication in Healthcare?
How Can AI-Powered Solutions Improve Communication in Healthcare?
(How Can AI-Powered Solutions Improve Communication in Healthcare?)
- Author(s):Gordana Jelić, Danica Mamula Tartalja
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:81-88
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Artificial intelligence; Communication; Healthcare
- Summary/Abstract:AI, as an integral part of various applications and devices in mHealth, can help establish reliable communication in healthcare. AI Chatbots can understand and respond to patients’ language, providing instant answers to common questions. They can conduct initial assessments of patients’ physical or mental conditions, assist patients through diverse healthcare processes, and offer support to individuals experiencing adverse health conditions. Additionally, wearables and smartphones can collect vast amounts of information that can be further analyzed using AI and machine learning technologies and used to identify risk factors and potential health patterns that may not be immediately apparent, thus enabling personalized healthcare interventions. This paper aims to point out that Chatbots, being user-friendly and highly accessible, are facilitating online healthcare services and helping patients to self-manage their conditions. Therefore, AI-powered solutions can be an efficient tool for improving communication with patients and easing the pressures faced by healthcare professionals.
Digital Trends in the Accounting Profession
Digital Trends in the Accounting Profession
(Digital Trends in the Accounting Profession)
- Author(s):Suzana Keglević Kozjak
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:89-97
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Accounting profession; Digital technology; Accounting education
- Summary/Abstract:The rapid technological changes have profoundly affected the accounting profession. This study aims to systematically explore how digital technology is influencing accounting, examining the forces driving this change. It also investigates crucial educational adaptations needed for future accountants to navigate the evolving technological landscape. The research examines various aspects, including the complex relationship between the accounting profession and global technological changes, the evolving role of technology in accounting, and the necessary adjustments required in accounting education. Through a literature review methodology, the findings highlight a compelling need for a fundamental shift in accounting practices. This transformative process is gradually related within the profession, emphasizing the certain impact of continuous evolution in the accounting field on accounting education. In summary, while technological advances reshape specific aspects of accounting, the discipline’s foundational principles persist.
Cryptocurrencies as a Risk Management Tool – Legal and Economic Perspectives
Cryptocurrencies as a Risk Management Tool – Legal and Economic Perspectives
(Cryptocurrencies as a Risk Management Tool – Legal and Economic Perspectives)
- Author(s):Yordanka Noneva-Zlatkova, Mariya Paskaleva
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:99-112
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Cryptocurrencies; Crypto assets; Fiat money; Electronic money; Capital market
- Summary/Abstract:The development of law is faced with many challenges, including the creation and testing of new information and communication technologies. At the same time, the law must quickly react with a set of legitimate means of regulation to guarantee legal certainty in relations. Cryptocurrencies are a manifestation product of rapidly developing technology entering civil turnover at an increasingly rapid pace. The paper aims to examine the various legal aspects of cryptocurrencies in the EU and to reveal the relationship between the stock market, investors’ decisions, and cryptocurrency. It clarifies the concept of cryptocurrency, comparing it to the millennia-old fiat money. In addition, the research traces the cryptocurrencies and their status as essential legal assets in the EU market. To test the relationship between the capital market, the investors ‘behavior, and cryptocurrency, we apply the regression model, correlation analysis, and Granger Causality Test. The explored variables include the Crypto Index (CRIX), the Sentix sentiment index, and the capital market index. We prove that the cryptocurrency market influences the stock market, which may be explained by the fact that the investors in the crypto markets are better informed than those in the traditional financial markets.
The Relationship between the Number of Cryptocurrency Acceptance Sites and the Intensity of Tourism in Terms of Legal Regulation
The Relationship between the Number of Cryptocurrency Acceptance Sites and the Intensity of Tourism in Terms of Legal Regulation
(The Relationship between the Number of Cryptocurrency Acceptance Sites and the Intensity of Tourism in Terms of Legal Regulation)
- Author(s):Marcell Kupi, Viktoria Kundi, Tamás Szabó
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:111-122
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Cryptocurrencies; Regulatory; Tourism
- Summary/Abstract:The research delves into the nexus between cryptocurrencies and tourist activity, with a special focus on the facet of legal regulations. The study’s objective is to fathom how cryptocurrencies influence the tourism sector, and how legal standards bear on transactions involving cryptocurrencies within the tourism industry. The principal aim is to unravel the interconnection between the employment of cryptocurrencies in tourist services and its concurrent legal governance in four handpicked countries: Spain, France, Croatia, and the Netherlands. Clustering was achieved through SOM and PCA methodologies, which, in unison, proffer profound insights into the data’s architecture and interconnectedness. The data was collected through scraping with an API key. The research underscores that blockchain technologies, including but not limited to Ethereum’s advancements that extend beyond just Bitcoin, are steadily gaining a more influential role in tourism. Moreover, legal guidelines, especially within the EU, wield significant influence over transactions and operations associated with these digital assets.
Wine Tourism: A New Emerging Segment in Albania
Wine Tourism: A New Emerging Segment in Albania
(Wine Tourism: A New Emerging Segment in Albania)
- Author(s):Rozana Haxhialushi
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:123-132
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Wine tourism; Wine tasting; Albania
- Summary/Abstract:In the last four decades, tourism has received greater attention from researchers in several sciences. Wine regions can attract tourists who, in their turn, will be a source of revenue for the wine producers in that region. Though considered to be a niche segment, the interest in wine tourism research has grown because the wine sector is not just about producing a beverage; it’s a multifaceted industry with significant economic, cultural, and social importance both in wine-producing regions and on a global scale. It contributes to job creation, international trade, tourism, and the preservation of cultural heritage, making it a vital sector for many countries around the world. Overall, wine tourism has the potential to be a catalyst for regional development by attracting visitors, creating jobs, spurring investments, and supporting local businesses. As a result, many regions around the world actively promote and invest in wine tourism as a means of enhancing their economic and cultural vitality. Albania is new to the wine sector, so this paper aims to provide some useful insights related to the possibilities that wine tasting, wine tours, or wine-related events present to local businesses and for the creation of destination image.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Effects on the United States Housing Market
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Effects on the United States Housing Market
(The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Effects on the United States Housing Market)
- Author(s):Glen Liperi, Egla Mansi, Nerajda Feruni
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:133-142
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Housing Market; USA; Counties; Urban; Rural; COVID-19; Economic Activity
- Summary/Abstract:This research examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the housing market in the United States, with a specific focus on housing prices and their relationship with COVID-19 infection rates. The study utilizes a panel-data regression model, using monthly county-level data spanning from January 2020 to December 2022. Two separate models were employed, one for urban counties and another for rural counties, determined by population data. These models employ a fixed effects regression approach with robust standard errors and incorporate various independent variables to explore the association between county-level economic activity, unemployment rates, long-term interest rates, COVID-19 infection cases, and national housing market prices. The findings of this investigation reveal that the prices of homes in the United States were influenced by both the number of COVID-19 infection cases and the economic factors under consideration. Interestingly, urban counties experienced more pronounced fluctuations in housing prices compared to their rural counterparts. Moreover, there was a noticeable shift in housing demand, with a preference for less densely populated areas over densely populated ones. The outcomes of this study offer insights into spatial disparities and their implications for the real estate market.
Exploring the Influence of Corporate Governance on the Financial Performance. Case Study of the Energy Sector
Exploring the Influence of Corporate Governance on the Financial Performance. Case Study of the Energy Sector
(Exploring the Influence of Corporate Governance on the Financial Performance. Case Study of the Energy Sector)
- Author(s):Leredana-Georgia Nitu (Ivan)
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:143-152
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Corporate governance; Financial performance; Energy sector
- Summary/Abstract:Given the region’s commitment to sustainable and renewable energy sources as well as its reliance on conventional fossil fuels, the energy industry in Europe shines in the light of contemporary economies. The European energy industry is at a turning point and is prepared to change in response to new environmental concerns and shifting market dynamics. This paper aims to investigate whether the corporate governance score (GOV) of companies operating in the energy sector is associated with their corporate financial performance (CFP). The research covered data from 103 companies in the energy sector collected from Thomson Reuters Eikon for the period 2017-2021. The research used the regression and correlation analysis between GOV performance and its components and an accounting-based measure of profitability: total revenue. The data used in this study were analyzed using SPSS Software. The results show a partial but positive correlation between the management mechanisms on financial performance and a full positive influence of CSR strategy on financial performance; the shareholder score shows no impact. The energy sector is an environmentally sensitive yet understudied industry, and the present research helps to determine what has to be improved from a sustainability point of view.
Connecting the Dots: Crises’ Influence on Persistence and Financial Integration in Southeast Asian Capital Markets
Connecting the Dots: Crises’ Influence on Persistence and Financial Integration in Southeast Asian Capital Markets
(Connecting the Dots: Crises’ Influence on Persistence and Financial Integration in Southeast Asian Capital Markets)
- Author(s):Mariana Chambino, Rui Dias, Paulo Alexandre
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:153-163
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Events for 2020 and 2022; Southeast Asia; Autocorrelation; Integration; Portfolio diversification
- Summary/Abstract:This study aimed to assess risk diversification in the capital markets of nine Asian countries, including Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, South Korea, Japan, the Philippines, Thailand, China, and Taiwan. The research posed two main questions: (i) Did events in 2020 and 2022 create inefficiencies in these markets? (ii) If so, did autocorrelation of returns lead to increased linkages among these markets? The findings revealed the presence of autocorrelation, conditional heteroscedasticity, and nonlinear elements in the sample, suggesting persistence in returns during both tranquil and stressful periods. Consequently, the first research question was refuted, indicating that market (in)efficiencies were not significantly influenced by these events. Additionally, the analysis using the rhoDCCA method did not suggest integration between the markets, leading to the rejection of the second research question. These results have implications for investors, regulators, and supervisors in these markets, suggesting a need to consider measures that align with the random walk and martingale hypotheses in stock price creation.
Efficiency in the Market Structure of the Banking Sector in Croatia
Efficiency in the Market Structure of the Banking Sector in Croatia
(Efficiency in the Market Structure of the Banking Sector in Croatia)
- Author(s):Dina Korent, Anamarija Ratković, Marijana Bubanić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:165-176
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Market structure; Efficiency; Banking sector
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this paper was to determine the market structure of the banking sector in Croatia and the characteristics of its technical efficiency for the period from 2009 to 2022 by applying descriptive statistics and data envelopment analysis (DEA). It was determined that the banking sector in Croatia is characterized by a relatively high and persistent technical efficiency of an oligopolistic market structure with a trend of growing consolidation. On average, managers use resources efficiently and are successful in exploiting economies of scale, with scale efficiency surpassing pure technical efficiency. The aforementioned efficiencies generally grow and are achieved more frequently with the increase in the size of banks, i.e., credit institutions The results imply that small banks could increase efficiency by more rational use of inputs, and, assuming growing returns to scale, by exploiting economies of scale through internal growth or further sector consolidation.
Project Sustainable Economy: The Significance of Project Teams
Project Sustainable Economy: The Significance of Project Teams
(Project Sustainable Economy: The Significance of Project Teams)
- Author(s):Vlasta Roška, Zvonko Merkaš, Ivana Šavor
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:177-186
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Communications and relationships; Project Sustainable Economy; Project teams
- Summary/Abstract:Project Sustainable Economy is a unique project approach to business that balances and solves the project’s environmental, social, and economic aspects with the primary objective of effectively addressing the current requirements of stakeholders, according to the authors from two Project Management Institute definitions. For all projects aimed at business growth, development and sustainability, the quality of teams is crucial. This research aims to investigate the factors within project teams that have an impact on the success of sustainable business projects. The research identifies success-contributing factors in the Project Sustainable Economy, such as decision time, team dynamics, acceptance of proposed methods, a defined plan, quality of relationships, successful project managers, and constructive conflict resolution. The paper’s substantive contribution lies in empirical research conducted on a sample of 102 project team members. The findings underscore that enhanced communication and interpersonal relationships among team members emerge as pivotal factors fostering success within the ambit of the sustainable economy project.
Engagement of Computer Professionals (On the Example of Bulgarian Companies in the IT Sector): Incentives as Moderator
Engagement of Computer Professionals (On the Example of Bulgarian Companies in the IT Sector): Incentives as Moderator
(Engagement of Computer Professionals (On the Example of Bulgarian Companies in the IT Sector): Incentives as Moderator)
- Author(s):Velina Koleva
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:187-194
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Engagement; Incentives; Computer professionals; Bulgarian IT sector
- Summary/Abstract:Employee engagement is linked to enthusiasm and passion about the job, identification with the company’s values and loyalty to the employer. It is directly dependent on the incentives applied by the management. We have conducted a study in Bulgarian IT companies to analyze how certain incentives affect the engagement levels of computer professionals. Our main hypothesis suggests that intangible incentives have a stronger impact on employee engagement than tangible ones. The means of collecting empirical data from respondents are surveys and in-depth interviews, and the statistical method used is Χ² analysis.
Consumer Reactions to Sustainable Consumption Content – An Eye-Tracking Experiment
Consumer Reactions to Sustainable Consumption Content – An Eye-Tracking Experiment
(Consumer Reactions to Sustainable Consumption Content – An Eye-Tracking Experiment)
- Author(s):Maria Kehayova-Stoycheva, Yordan Nedev
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:195-204
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Eye-tracking; Eye-tracking technique; Web usability; Tactile reactions; Web audience; Sustainable consumption
- Summary/Abstract:Within the framework of the project “Sustainable Urban Consumption – Regional Differences” a website and Facebook profile have been created to disseminate the results. However, these platforms alone do not guarantee the effective reach of its web audience. The main purpose of this paper is to present the results of an eye-tracking experiment to assess the potential of the tested website to effectively disseminate information regarding sustainable consumption. The survey is based on data on the movement of the gaze, but in addition, are used data on heart rate and galvanic skin reaction of the respondents. Using eye-tracking techniques and tactile reactions analysis the authors formulate conclusions about web usability and the elements engaging the attention of the target web audience.
Consumption of Digital Content – Positive and Negative Aspects of Impact on Consumers
Consumption of Digital Content – Positive and Negative Aspects of Impact on Consumers
(Consumption of Digital Content – Positive and Negative Aspects of Impact on Consumers)
- Author(s):Larisa Hrustek, Iva Gregurec, Martina Tomičić Furjan
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:205-214
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Digital environment; Digital marketing; Content marketing; Content consumption
- Summary/Abstract:The digital environment provides innovative ways to attract potential customers in the market by sharing content through different channels. Content marketing shared daily by companies, paid advertisers, influencers, bloggers, or anonymous individuals in the digital environment shapes consumer habits and directs consumer activities. Therefore, ubiquitous effective digital content marketing and tempting offers can drastically influence consumer behavior and cause positive and/or negative aspects to impact them. The paper presents the theoretical framework as well as the results of the conducted research, which aims to examine how often consumers encounter content marketing, how often they agree to buy under its influence, and determine whether there are positive and/or negative aspects of digital content consumption. The results indicate that consumers encounter content marketing daily, mostly on social networks or digital platforms managed by companies or influencers, bloggers, and others. Consumers receive discounts or promotional offers and codes at different time intervals and they use them while buying. However, the negative aspect of the influence of digital content marketing on the consumer is more pronounced than the positive one.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Use of ICT in Marketing in Montenegro
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Use of ICT in Marketing in Montenegro
(Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Use of ICT in Marketing in Montenegro)
- Author(s):Veselin Obradović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:215-224
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Marketing; ICT; COVID-19
- Summary/Abstract:COVID-19 caused significant changes in daily lives, including, but not limited to the limitation of movement and working from home. As a consequence of spending more time at home, more time is spent in front of internet-enabled devices. This paper is trying to address whether the COVID-19 pandemic caused accelerated application of ICT in marketing in Montenegro. One of the findings presented in the paper is that micro-companies had a significant increase in internet marketing budget, while mini-companies reduced spending on it. Using data from original research, the clear conclusion is that the pandemic had such influence in Montenegro, especially in the field of e-commerce through increased presence in its own online shops.
Unveiling the Experiential Dimensions Driving Local Producers, and the Potential Ways of Transmitting the Experience to Consumers
Unveiling the Experiential Dimensions Driving Local Producers, and the Potential Ways of Transmitting the Experience to Consumers
(Unveiling the Experiential Dimensions Driving Local Producers, and the Potential Ways of Transmitting the Experience to Consumers)
- Author(s):Andras Schlett, Judit Beke, Marietta Balázsné Lendvai
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:225-233
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Local products; Sustainable producer attitudes; Mental and spiritual well-being; Autotelic factors; Hungary
- Summary/Abstract:Most studies related to sustainable small-scale local producer lifestyles focus on producing healthy foods. Research that integrates other aspects of mental and spiritual well-being into the holistic concept of a healthy lifestyle is mostly missing. The study examines the motives behind the lifestyle choices of farmers engaged in sustainable production in Western Hungary and draws attention to aspects that are beyond the preference for environmentally conscious (sustainable) production of foods. The authors are looking for an answer to what motivates local producers to carry out their activities and what relatable elements of experience can be identified.
Differences in Household Intentions for Sustainable Food Consumption
Differences in Household Intentions for Sustainable Food Consumption
(Differences in Household Intentions for Sustainable Food Consumption)
- Author(s):Maria Kehayova-Stoycheva, Svilen Ivanov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:235-244
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Sustainable food consumption; Household intentions; Sustainability
- Summary/Abstract:The main purpose of this paper is to present part of the results of a survey carried out on the territory of Bulgaria among the households of three Bulgarian cities. The research was conducted in two waves and covered 2,117 Bulgarian households, with the data collected through a survey. The focus of the presented results falls on examining the relationships between some demographic characteristics such as income, education, dwelling size, place of residence, household size, household life cycle, and intentions to consume sustainably produced food. The results of the study show the existence of relationships that can be analyzed. The revealed, albeit weak, regional differences in the intentions of households from the three cities to consume sustainably produced food and food products can be used in the construction of marketing strategies and tools aimed at stimulating the consumption of sustainably produced food products.