LIMEN 2023 / 9 – Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics:
Integrated Politics of Research - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
LIMEN 2023 / 9 – Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics:
Integrated Politics of Research - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
Contributor(s): Vuk Bevanda (Editor)
Subject(s): Social Sciences, Economy
ISSN: 2683-6149
Published by: Udruženje ekonomista i menadžera Balkana
Keywords: Leadership; Innovation; Management; Economics
Summary/Abstract: Organizing is an evolutionary phenomenon, distinctive because of the laws of existence and maintaining all structures in all processes of their functioning. As such, it is a civilizational phenomenon that occurs as a component of human, individual, and social activities and as a factor in the overall development of man and society. On the other hand, as a deliberate human activity, organizing involves seeking solutions to problems that occur on the way to achieving specific goals. No goal can be achieved without appropriate or necessary, or at least minimal organization of conditions, factors, and processes needed for goal achievement. However, the new era requires new types of leaders and managers and new forms of organization; demands those who are willing and able to lead the company/corporation/state, in a distinct competitive environment, with all the good and bad sides brought by the globalization of world economy. The purpose of the annual LIMEN conference is to support the power of scientific research and dissemination of the research results with the objective to enhance society by advancing knowledge; policy-making change, lives, and ultimately, the world. Our objective is to continue to be the foremost annual conference on cutting-edge theory and practice of leadership, innovations, management, and economics, encouraging advancement via excellence, and interaction. LIMEN conference aims to bring together the international academic community (experts, scientists, engineers, researchers, students, and others) and enable interactive discussions and other forms of interpersonal exchange of experiences and popularization of science and personal and collective affirmation. The annual LIMEN conference is committed to the highest standards of publishing integrity and academic honesty ensuring ethics in all its publications. Conformance to standards of ethical behavior is therefore expected of all parties involved: authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher. The conference organizer follows the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines on how to deal with potential acts of misconduct. All received full papers prior peer review process are subject to plagiarism check with iThenticate by Turnitin software. Any identified plagiarism automatically disqualifies a paper. Afterward, all full papers are double-blind peer-reviewed by the reviewers drawn from the editorial committee or external reviewers depending on the topic, title, and subject matter of the paper. Peer reviewers provide a critical assessment of the paper and may recommend improvements. Although the author may choose not to take this advice, we highly recommend that the author address any issues, explaining why their research process or conclusions are correct. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans headquartered in Belgrade – Serbia in cooperation with the Institute of Business Economics and Industrial Sociology of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Economics Sciences at Graz University of Technology headquartered in Graz – Austria; along with the partner institutions, namely the Center for Advanced Studies in Management and Economics (CEFAGE-UE), Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Evora, Portugal; Department of Law, Economics and Sociology, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy; Faculty of Economics, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Rio de Janeiro Institute College (Faculdade Instituto Rio de Janeiro – FIURJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and the European Professors of Industrial Engineering and Management (EPIEM) organized 9th International Scientific-Business Conference titled: Leadership, Innovation, Management, and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research – LIMEN 2023 on December 7, 2023 at the Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria in a hybrid format (in-person, online and virtually). LIMEN 2023 conference addresses various contemporary business and economic challenges. The evolution of implicit leadership theories is explored, highlighting shifts in understanding leadership. AI-driven HR practices in SMEs, the application of large language models in recruitment, and the integration of crowdsourcing with intellectual capital for enterprise renewal are examined for their innovative potential. The impact of management styles on employee well-being, the relationship between innovation and competitive advantage, and eco-innovation in Albania’s accommodation sector are analyzed for their implications on business strategy and sustainability. The digital transformation of retail, AR/VR in marketing, and content marketing’s role in consumer loyalty are also discussed, alongside the ethical concerns of greenwashing in marketing communication. Other studies investigate the sustainability index in corporate performance, the resilience of eco-metals, mobile banking acceptance in Austria and Romania, and the role of standards and patents in Western Balkan economic growth. Income inequalities in Greece’s post-COVID tourism industry and logistics in unstable markets are assessed for their broader economic impacts, etc. The keynote speaker at the LIMEN 2023 conference was Professor Sandra Lovrenčić, Full Professor, Head of the Department of Theoretical and Applied Foundations of Information Sciences, Head of Centre for Volunteering and Humanitarian Work, University of Zagreb Faculty of Organization and Informatics, Varaždin, Croatia with the topic “Artificial Intelligence and (Knowledge) Management”.
Series: LIMEN - International Scientific Business Conference
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-86-80194-78-3
- Page Count: 476
- Publication Year: 2023
- Language: English
Health and Safety in the Human Resource Scorecard
Health and Safety in the Human Resource Scorecard
(Health and Safety in the Human Resource Scorecard)
- Author(s):Drago Pupovac
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:1-7
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Human resource; Health and safety; Scorecard
- Summary/Abstract:Human resource management is the utilization of human resources to achieve organizational objectives. Health and safety become among the most important functional areas associated with effective human resource management. These aspects of human resource management are important because employees who work in a safe environment and enjoy good health are more likely to be productive and yield long-term benefits to the organization. That means it is necessary to include health and safety in the human resource scorecard (HRS) as a measure of the growth of the effective strength of employees. The research results are based on practical example analysis.
The Role and Importance of Female Entrepreneurship in the Green Sector
The Role and Importance of Female Entrepreneurship in the Green Sector
(The Role and Importance of Female Entrepreneurship in the Green Sector)
- Author(s):Tatjana Jovanović, Olga Gavrić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:9-16
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Women entrepreneurship; Green economy; Sustainable development
- Summary/Abstract:In recent times, the universal valuation of women and their position in modern society is being questioned more and more. This is especially important within the entire economy, economic processes, as well as the green economy. The paper specifically points out the potential of female entrepreneurship in Serbia, as well as the challenges that stand in the way. The focus of the investigation is the possibility of developing female entrepreneurship in the green sector as a function of the socio-economic development of cities and municipalities, with a special emphasis on the connection between female entrepreneurship and the goals of sustainable development. This contributes to greater involvement of women in the business and economic environment increases overall employment and encourages macro competitiveness.
What Do We Know about Albanian Women Entrepreneurs: Challenges and Opportunities
What Do We Know about Albanian Women Entrepreneurs: Challenges and Opportunities
(What Do We Know about Albanian Women Entrepreneurs: Challenges and Opportunities)
- Author(s):Silvana Gashi, Denada Lica
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:17-26
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Women; Albanian entrepreneurs; Challenges; Opportunities
- Summary/Abstract:Women entrepreneurs contribute considerably to the economy and business environment. However, they often have to cope with challenges in running an enterprise. This study aims to analyze the primary motivation that inspires women to establish their businesses as well as challenges and opportunities. The methodology relies on secondary resources analyzing Albanian entrepreneurs. Findings show an increasing number of Albanian women entrepreneurs who decide to create successful businesses. However, they must cope with different challenges and barriers. Another critical finding is linked to the opportunities that derive from running a business, concluding that despite the various difficulties women entrepreneurs face, they are successful in the business world. This study offers an essential contribution to enlarging the literature on women entrepreneurs.
The Students’ Perception of Their Soft Skills in Serbia
The Students’ Perception of Their Soft Skills in Serbia
(The Students’ Perception of Their Soft Skills in Serbia)
- Author(s):Agneš Slavić, Maja Strugar Jelača, Nemanja Berber
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:17-34
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Students’ perception; Soft skills; Work experience; Serbia
- Summary/Abstract:Today, in the dynamic business context, graduates have to be ready to deal with various business problems where different alternative solutions can be brought, but only one is optimal. It requires a set of competencies and soft skills such as critical and strategic thinking, problem-solving, communication and flexibility. The described situation mostly gives priority to various soft skills in relation to hard skills, i.e. professional knowledge acquired during the studies. The purpose of this research is to shed light on how soft skills are taught at the moment and how they should be taught in the future to prepare new employees to easily get their first job and reduce the rate of youth unemployment. This research aims to analyze how curricula at business universities prepare their students for the new demands of the labor market. For this aim, survey-based empirical research was realized on the student’s perception of the importance of soft skills in the sample of 245 students of the Faculty of Economics in Subotica, University of Novi Sad, Serbia. Using Spearman’s correlation, it was determined that there is a statistically significant negative relationship between the student’s work experience during their studies and their perception of the studies preparing them for the new demands on the labor market. Therefore, students without work experience believe that their previous education has prepared them for the new demands of the employers, while students with work experience conclude that the competences acquired so far have not sufficiently prepared them for the new demands of the labor market. Today, it is more than necessary for students to acquire adequate skills beyond academic or professional knowledge. It is recommended to incorporate soft skills training into the hard skills courses in order to achieve an efficient and effective tertiary education for future employees.
Possible Directions for Innovations in Tourism
Possible Directions for Innovations in Tourism
(Possible Directions for Innovations in Tourism)
- Author(s):Lyubka Ilieva
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:35-43
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Innovations; Tourism; Innovation trajectory; Innovation activity
- Summary/Abstract:In the tourism sector, the transfer of innovations from other sectors is usually observed, as innovative solutions are modified for the purposes of tourism activities. The main types of innovations in the tourism organization can be considered according to the goal they pursue, namely the achievement of economic or social efficiency. The purpose of the current development is to present the possibilities for implementing innovations in the tourism sector. In order to achieve the set goal, the innovation trajectory by which the tourist enterprise implements innovations in its activity will be examined. Based on the considered trajectory and outlined specificity in the innovation activity of tourist enterprises, the four main groups will be clarified: technical-technological innovations, product innovations, marketing innovations and organizational innovations. Real examples of implemented innovations in the tourism sector will be explored and presented.
An Analytic Comparison of Quality Management Methodologies
An Analytic Comparison of Quality Management Methodologies
(An Analytic Comparison of Quality Management Methodologies)
- Author(s):Thaleia Dima, Michail Glykas
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:45-50
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Quality management methodologies; RADAR matrix; Six Sigma; Continuous improvement
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this study is to compare the Six Sigma methodology and the RADAR matrix, which are used to improve the continuous quality improvement of products, services, and processes in different organizations. An analytic comparison of these two methodologies is provided, highlighting the key requirements, similarities, differences, and limitations in their application. Regardless of the mission, needs, and demands every organization has, it is necessary to determine the proper way and a combination of methodologies and techniques for its implementation process. RADAR matrix or “RADAR-logic” provides a structured approach for the evaluation of organizational Results, Approach, Deployment, Assessment, and Review. Six Sigma methodology is a systematic and disciplined approach to product or service design, including all organizational functions, that aims to reduce defects and improve processes within the final product/service. Both Six Sigma methodology and RADAR-logic are complex, demanding, and powerful methodologies, and as a result, more time and resources are needed, for their appropriate implementation.
Service Quality in Business Excellence Maturity Assessment
Service Quality in Business Excellence Maturity Assessment
(Service Quality in Business Excellence Maturity Assessment)
- Author(s):Dimitrios Popadopoulos, Georgios Karipoglou, Michael Glykas, Thaleia Dima
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:51-58
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Service Quality Management; Servqual; Business Excellent Models; Maturity assessment
- Summary/Abstract:Service quality is a critical aspect of business excellence maturity assessment. It refers to the level of excellence achieved in delivering products or services to customers. Customer satisfaction and loyalty, as well as a company’s overall reputation and success, are significantly influenced by the quality of its services. This research paper focuses on research related to Service Quality in Business Excellence Maturity Assessment. In a business excellence maturity assessment, service quality is typically evaluated through various metrics and indicators. These may include customer satisfaction surveys, feedback from customers and employees, service delivery time, complaint resolution time, and other performance measures. Our research contribution presents a literature review about ensuring that every interaction with customers is of the highest standard. It requires an organization-wide commitment to customer satisfaction, continuous improvement, and a culture of excellence.
Business Excellence Models and Systems of Production
Business Excellence Models and Systems of Production
(Business Excellence Models and Systems of Production)
- Author(s):Georgios Koripoglou, Michael Glykas, Thaleia Dima
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:59-66
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Business excellence; Business Excellence Models; Quality Management; Human Resources Management; EFQM
- Summary/Abstract:The research is compiled to provide a thorough overview of nine well-known business excellence models (BEMs) applied in various countries and organizations worldwide. The literature survey included forty-five articles related to business excellence models as a highly useful framework for the improvement and assessment of Quality Management and Human Resources Management within several organizations. A total of seventy-six evaluation criteria emerged from the nine BEM overviews, which were grouped and presented as type “a” criteria and then classified into three categories (inflows, production, and outflows) presented as type “b” criteria based on the above study. The research findings point out that these critical factors connected to the most dominant of the seventy Business Excellence Models evaluation criterion “a” and of the organizational categories refer as criterion “b” can influence the application of quality practices or management initiatives at a firm.
Product and Service Management Implementation Maturity Assessment – A Literature Review. A Proposal for a Maturity Assessment Framework
Product and Service Management Implementation Maturity Assessment – A Literature Review. A Proposal for a Maturity Assessment Framework
(Product and Service Management Implementation Maturity Assessment – A Literature Review. A Proposal for a Maturity Assessment Framework)
- Author(s):Dimitrios Papadopoulos, Michael Glykas, Thaleia Dima
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:67-74
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Product management process; Service management; Service quality; Process management; Operations management; Maturity assessment
- Summary/Abstract:Maturity models use predetermined scales to evaluate the degree of implementation success as well as its progression. Benchmarking and comparison with other rival businesses operating in the same or related areas are frequently facilitated by the assessment. A specialized approach or an all-encompassing (organization-wide) approach might be used to evaluate maturity. The main subject of this paper is research on maturity evaluation as it relates to the product-service process. An examination of the literature on performance metrics used in the product-service management process. Any activity that takes place between the conception and development of a product and its delivery to a client is part of the process known as product-service management. Supply chain management, manufacturing, logistics, procurement, and customer service (including marketing, sales, and after-sales) are a few of these tasks. We present the Glykas Quality Compass (GQC), a mapping tool that helps organizations map all quality activities. It categorizes implementation initiatives into four primary groups: excellence awards, standards, techniques, and philosophies.
On the Risk Management in Land Consolidation Projects
On the Risk Management in Land Consolidation Projects
(On the Risk Management in Land Consolidation Projects)
- Author(s):Goran Marinković, Zoran Ilić, Žarko Nestorović, Anđelko Matić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:75-80
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Risk; Risk management; Risk mitigation; Landownership; Project failure
- Summary/Abstract:Land consolidation (LC) as a power tool for land management is, in fact, a project of high complexity level. The high complexity of projects is a potential source of its failure. The complexity of land consolidation projects (LCP) is a consequence of the huge number of stakeholders, sensitivity of land ownership, and legal rights of land owners. The huge number of stakeholders causes a huge number of uncertainties because one stakeholder could have numerous interests and could not make the best decision in the situation of a sensitive relationship between different nuances in certain circumstances. Lack of reliable information could also be a source of risk for issues in the land consolidation project realization as well as the period of its realization. The duration of land consolidation project realization is another important factor that could cause problems or even failure.
On the Front Management of Land Consolidation Projects
On the Front Management of Land Consolidation Projects
(On the Front Management of Land Consolidation Projects)
- Author(s):Žarko Nestorović, Milan Trifković, Miroslav Kuburić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:81-84
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:LCP environment; Decision making; Leader; Manager; Front manager
- Summary/Abstract:Land consolidation (LC) is a complex process aiming to rearrange land property structure and improve land management. The process of LC implementation is complex on different levels including managing private, public and contractor activities in order to achieve predefined goals. The management dimension of LC includes the processes defined by legal procedures, harmonization of different often conflicting interests and the contractor’s ability and available resources to realize the land consolidation project (LCP). The environment in which the LCPs’ should be realized could be classified as turbulent, complicated and unpredictable. The environment of LCP is also burdened by different levels of authorities’ jurisdiction which could also be overlapped. In that environment, the contractor should realize the LCP and achieve the predefined aims. This is possible only in case if the contractor establishes an adequate management hierarchy system concordant with the environment. this research is devoted to interpreting the authors’ experience based on realized LCP under their leadership. This research encompasses the role of the front manager in LCP realization and its position in the hierarchy of LCP.
Management Accounting in the Digital Era – One Accounting as Cloud Accounting Type
Management Accounting in the Digital Era – One Accounting as Cloud Accounting Type
(Management Accounting in the Digital Era – One Accounting as Cloud Accounting Type)
- Author(s):Mihaela Bebeşelea
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:85-90
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Cloud accounting; Cloud computing; Financial accounting; Management accounting; ERP (Enterprise resource planning) systems
- Summary/Abstract:In this article, the focus is on highlighting the point at which the digitization of management accounting has been reached in Romania, because accounting automation from its beginnings refers to financial accounting, as a form of accounting, mandatory to be organized from a legal point of view. Management accounting, as a form of accounting, is optional to be organized, in computer programs, it was only represented by a computerized section for stock management, without giving it the possibility of developing the object of study in his accounts of the 9th class of accounts, as well as financial accounting. This shortcoming is covered, in the current context of accounting computerization and digitization, the particularities of the current digital accounting being of the cloud accounting type, which means one accounting that is performed using software hosted remotely on the cloud (internet).
Digital Pricing Transformation & Pricing Technology
Digital Pricing Transformation & Pricing Technology
(Digital Pricing Transformation & Pricing Technology)
- Author(s):Bilyana Ivanova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:91-103
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Pricing models; Digital revolution; Pricing technology; B2B markets
- Summary/Abstract:This paper explores key trends in B2B pricing within the realm of digital technologies. The focus is on how pricing strategies in B2B markets evolve in response to digital transformation, especially in the context of contemporary trends such as the ongoing digital revolution. The discussion delves into the intersection of pricing and artificial intelligence, examining how AI technologies impact B2B pricing models. The research aims to provide insights into the intricate relationship between digital advancements and the transformation of pricing strategies in B2B sectors. Furthermore, this paper commences with a literature review and case study analysis to discern the impact of digital technologies on pricing models. Next, historical data and economic indicators are scrutinized to understand how businesses navigate pricing challenges during digital transformation. Lastly, the paper investigates the dynamics of pricing technology and its adoption in B2B markets in the digital age.
Investigating the Value of Sports Footwear Brands using Natural Language Processing Methods
Investigating the Value of Sports Footwear Brands using Natural Language Processing Methods
(Investigating the Value of Sports Footwear Brands using Natural Language Processing Methods)
- Author(s):Dijana Vuković, Sara Slamić Tarade
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:105-114
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Brand significance; Brand value; Natural Language Processing; Topic modeling; Semantic Brand Score
- Summary/Abstract:Determining the value of brands and comparing them by analyzing key elements such as identity, image and value is important for marketing measures and the branding of products or services. This paper presents research findings based on innovative methods for determining the significance and value of sports footwear brands. Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques are used to analyze extensive text content collected from sports footwear-related websites. To determine the most relevant sports footwear brands, NLP techniques are used for topic modeling based on the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method. LDA is an unsupervised method used to determine the topics addressed in the analyzed texts by extracting the most significant words in these topics. The importance of these identified brands in the text corpus is determined using the Semantic Brand Scores method, which uses graph theory to determine the importance of the brand in the text corpus based on three dimensions: prevalence, diversity and connectivity.
Evaluating the Action Design Research Methodology for Requirement Analysis, Modeling, and Engineering in Information System Design
Evaluating the Action Design Research Methodology for Requirement Analysis, Modeling, and Engineering in Information System Design
(Evaluating the Action Design Research Methodology for Requirement Analysis, Modeling, and Engineering in Information System Design)
- Author(s):Tea Tavanxhiu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:115-123
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Information systems; Action design research; Requirement analysis; Requirement modeling; Requirement engineering; System design
- Summary/Abstract:Action Design Research (ADR) as a sub-discipline of Design Science Research (DSR) is a mature research methodology used for the creation and formulation of artifacts that can contribute to information systems knowledge creation as well as in artifacts, design principles and theories valuable to practitioners. The core phases of the ADR consist in the iteration of the building-intervention-evaluation process and attempts to associate this process to value creation in industries have been made in different domains as the suggested literature advises. Yet these attempts have either a focus on understanding the potentialities of ADR rather than addressing possible implementation in a de-contextualized area of research or industry. Requirement analysis, modeling, and engineering are commonly associated with the discipline of software engineering. However, according to the literature analyzed in this paper, the involvement of stakeholders and domain experts in this process has a significant impact. As an important phase of the system design process, it is essential to ensure that continuous, accurate, and unambiguously interpretative parameters, evaluations, and feedback from key stakeholders are appropriately integrated throughout the entire process of requirement analysis, modeling, and engineering. In this paper, the authors evaluate whether the processes of requirement analysis, modeling, and engineering could benefit from the implementation of the ADR (Action Design Research) methodology. This research work explores the extent of these potential benefits and identifies the possible challenges that need to be considered in attempting to implement this methodology in the requirement phase of the system design. The paper is organized as follows: it begins with an introduction of the research question and the challenges faced by the information system design team during the requirement analysis, modeling, and engineering phases. This is followed by a thorough literature review on Action Design Research (ADR), focusing on system design phases related to requirements and prior attempts to implement ADR in specific phases of information system design or related disciplines. Proceeding further with an evaluation of the impact that implementing the Action Design Research (ADR) methodology might have during the requirements phase of software engineering, along with conclusions and future work related to this research.
The Chaotic Productivity Growth Model: BRICS
The Chaotic Productivity Growth Model: BRICS
(The Chaotic Productivity Growth Model: BRICS)
- Author(s):Vesna Jablanović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:125-130
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Productivity; BRICS; Stability
- Summary/Abstract:The BRICS countries are a group of five emerging markets and developing countries - Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Six new member countries (Argentina, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates) will officially join the group in January 2024. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the productivity growth stability in the BRICS countries in the period 1991-2022. This paper confirms the existence of stable productivity growth in the observed countries in the observed period.
Convergence of Competitiveness and Economic Efficiency Amongst Western Balkan Countries
Convergence of Competitiveness and Economic Efficiency Amongst Western Balkan Countries
(Convergence of Competitiveness and Economic Efficiency Amongst Western Balkan Countries)
- Author(s):Blerina Gjaci, Arjan Tushaj, Engjell Pere, Albana Hashorva
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:131-139
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Convergence; Competitiveness; Economic efficiency
- Summary/Abstract:This paper investigated the economic cooperation amongst the Western Balkan countries referring to competitiveness and economic efficiency. Through this analysis, it would be able to respond if the competitiveness and economic efficiency amongst Western Balkan countries will support the convergence to the Common Regional Market. Western Balkan countries should encourage innovation and knowledge transfer to contribute to economic growth and promote the facilitation of the creation of an intra-regional single market in the medium term. A unified regional cooperation mechanism would likely be more efficient according to Western Balkan countries to converge towards the expected results – in order to accelerate them related to the European Union integration process. The results of this paper will demonstrate the evaluation of the Western Balkans initiative and the expectations for the future through static and dynamic analysis amongst countries using diverse indicators of competitiveness and economic efficiency.
Comparison of the Economic Activity Rate of Population in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic
Comparison of the Economic Activity Rate of Population in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic
(Comparison of the Economic Activity Rate of Population in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic)
- Author(s):Dana Országhová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:141-147
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Labour market; Workforce; Economic activity rate; Unemployment rate
- Summary/Abstract:The rate of economic activity of the population is one of the indicators of the state of the labour force. Indicator values are also dependent on the demographic development of the population in productive age. The paper aims to compare the development of the rate of economic activity of the population in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic within the period 2000–2020. The research sample was created from the databases of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic and the Czech Statistical Office and evaluated using the methods of descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Results proved that the economic activity rate of the population is threatened in the long term in both countries. In the period 2000- 2020, the economic activity rate in Slovakia decreased by 1.3%. The analysis of the development of this indicator in the Czech Republic (period 2000- 2020) showed that the economic activity rate increased by 4.82%.
The Dynamics of Albanian Insurance Market and Its Importance in Economic Development
The Dynamics of Albanian Insurance Market and Its Importance in Economic Development
(The Dynamics of Albanian Insurance Market and Its Importance in Economic Development)
- Author(s):Klaudia Lipi
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:149-158
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Insurance market; Economic stability; Regulatory constraints; Market dynamics; Socio-economic factors
- Summary/Abstract:The insurance market plays a crucial role in promoting economic stability and mitigating risk within any economy. The primary objective of this research is to provide a complete understanding of the dynamics of the insurance sector in Albania, analyzing the main factors that influence its growth and development. The study uses a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative insights drawn from expert interviews, policy documents and industry reports. Identifying the challenges, especially after the Covid-19 pandemic is a critical aspect of this study. The research identifies and assesses barriers to market potential, including limited public awareness of insurance, regulatory constraints and the impact of socio-economic factors on consumer behaviour. These challenges are contrasted with opportunities such as the untapped potential of digitization and advances in technology, which could reshape the industry’s trajectory. Also, the findings of this research can serve as a valuable resource for policymakers, industry actors and researchers interested in understanding and contributing to the growth and development of the insurance sector in Albania. Additionally, the analysis contributes to the broader discourse on insurance market dynamics in emerging economies, shedding light on the unique challenges and opportunities such markets face.
Banking at a Turning Point
Banking at a Turning Point
(Banking at a Turning Point)
- Author(s):Vladimir Mladenović, Milica Krulj-Mladenović, Danilo Obradović, Dobrica Radovanović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:159-163
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Banking; Internet; Cards; Mobile banking
- Summary/Abstract:This paper will show modern banking products which, by all parameters, will eventually lead to the total transformation of banking operations into electronic form, whether desired or not - it’s only a matter of time. A SWOT analysis will show the current state of the banking market and where it is heading. The expansion of modern products in banking has already begun, and no one can predict the extent to which it will continue. We can only wait and see how much traditional banking will manage to cope with the pressures brought by the introduction of innovations into their communication system.
The Role of the Central Bank in Green Financing through the Banking Sector in Romania
The Role of the Central Bank in Green Financing through the Banking Sector in Romania
(The Role of the Central Bank in Green Financing through the Banking Sector in Romania)
- Author(s):Valentin Mihai Leoveanu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:165-173
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Sustainability; Green financing; Central bank; Climate change; Financial intermediation
- Summary/Abstract:Considering the challenges brought by global climate change, the article intends to underline the role of the National Bank of Romania in green financing through the banking sector in Romania, by stimulating the application of good practices in this field and by increasing the interest of banks in applying specific methods to benefit by the opportunities of the climate change European agenda. The research methodology involved the qualitative analysis of the instruments used by the Central Bank in monitoring climate risks in Romania and examining Romanian companies’ capacity to face unfavorable developments regarding climate change with impact on bank lending. A comparative analysis is also undertaken considering three top banks in Romania concerning their commitment to promoting sustainability and green financing in banking. The research results highlight the effectiveness and breadth of the methods and work tools used by banks to support the efforts undertaken at the European level to limit the negative effects produced by climate change.
Bridging Markets: Exploring Short-Term Trends in Cryptocurrencies and Green Finance
Bridging Markets: Exploring Short-Term Trends in Cryptocurrencies and Green Finance
(Bridging Markets: Exploring Short-Term Trends in Cryptocurrencies and Green Finance)
- Author(s):Rui Dias, Mariana Chambino, Paulo Alexandre, Rosa Galvão
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:175-184
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:2020 and 2022 Events; Cryptocurrencies; Clean energy indexes; Co-movements; Financial innovation
- Summary/Abstract:This study examined the short-term dynamics between Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, Clean Energy Fuels, and WilderHill Clean Energy over the period from January 1, 2020, to May 30, 2023. Bitcoin saw substantial price fluctuations over 10 days, highlighting its inherent volatility and rapid shifts in value. In contrast, Ethereum and Litecoin showed more gradual fluctuations. The price movements of digital currencies exhibited a mix of positive and negative trends when compared to the Clean Energy Fuels and WilderHill indexes, suggesting a correlation with energy-related assets. Clean Energy Fuels had significant positive trends, hence emphasizing the inherent instability within the clean energy industry. The WilderHill Clean Energy index demonstrated moderate positive associations with Bitcoin and Clean Energy Fuels, while exhibiting dynamic variations with Litecoin. These findings offer valuable insights for investors seeking to build sustainable portfolios, offering guidance on how to adjust their strategies in the face of economic challenges.
From Crisis to Connectivity: Unraveling Sustainable Energy Indexes
From Crisis to Connectivity: Unraveling Sustainable Energy Indexes
(From Crisis to Connectivity: Unraveling Sustainable Energy Indexes)
- Author(s):Rui Dias, Mariana Chambino, Paulo Alexandre, Rosa Galvão
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:185-191
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Green economy; Connectedness; Hedge assets
- Summary/Abstract:The pursuit of financing instruments aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is crucial for fostering sustainability in diverse economic sectors. However, a significant gap exists in understanding the performance of green assets, posing challenges for investors and policymakers. This study addresses this gap by examining the relationships among green energy indexes, including ISE Clean Edge Global Wind Energy, S&P Global Clean Energy, S&P TSX Renewable Energy and Clean Technology, and Solactive China Clean Energy, from January 2020 to October 2023. Findings reveal that ISE Clean Edge and S&P Global Clean Energy indexes serve as hedging assets, while S&P TSX provides coverage against specific risks. The Solactive China Clean Energy index, however, may not be suitable for hedging due to strong peer connectivity and a lack of long-term stability. In conclusion, effective alignment of sustainability goals with clean energy investment strategies requires careful consideration of asset characteristics and relationships, emphasizing diversification, and ongoing awareness of evolving dynamics for socially and environmentally responsible investors.
Tax System in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Tax System in Bosnia and Herzegovina
(Tax System in Bosnia and Herzegovina)
- Author(s):Nerma Čolaković-Prguda
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:193-199
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Taxes; Tax system; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Fiscal policy
- Summary/Abstract:The paper deals with taxes and the tax system in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Modern tax systems are based on taxation of income and consumption. For developing countries like Bosnia and Herzegovina, the taxation of consumption is more dominant than the taxation of income. This means that in such countries the participation of indirect taxes concerning direct taxes is higher. The basic taxation categories in Bosnia and Herzegovina are corporate income tax, personal income tax, value-added tax, social security contributions, and excises. The taxation system in Bosnia and Herzegovina is characterized by low tax rates. Personal income tax is paid at the rate of 10% which means that we have proportional tax rates. But social security rates are high as follows (employee’s share): 17% for pension insurance, 12,5% for health insurance and 1,5% for health insurance. We need some fiscal reforms within fiscal policy if we want to have higher salaries and standard of living.
Micro-Level Insights into the Impact of R&D Tax Credits on Firm Behavior in the Portuguese Services Industry
Micro-Level Insights into the Impact of R&D Tax Credits on Firm Behavior in the Portuguese Services Industry
(Micro-Level Insights into the Impact of R&D Tax Credits on Firm Behavior in the Portuguese Services Industry)
- Author(s):Alexandre Paredes, Bruno Damasio
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:201-287
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:R&D; Tax incentives; FTE staff; Firms
- Summary/Abstract:This research explores the impact of R&D tax credits on the distribution of full-time equivalent staff in 2838 firms in the services industry that engaged in R&D activities in Portugal between 1995 and 2017. In contrast to aggregate or sectoral approaches, the analysis relies on comprehensive firm-level data. Utilizing the official business R&D survey database, variables such as the full-time equivalent staff, PhD holders, and R&D expenditure are examined. Employing a Difference-in-Differences with an event study and a staggered design for temporal analysis, the impact of introducing a tax incentive scheme for corporate R&D in the services industry is evaluated. Results reveal a positive effect of the tax credit, with varying average impacts based on the duration of exposure per firm. These findings mirror similar positive outcomes observed in France in 2004 and 2005, where firms benefiting from the Jeune Entreprise Innovante scheme exhibited higher annual employment growth. The study contributes to understanding the effectiveness of R&D tax credits in shaping the distribution of the full-time equivalent staff in services firms and provides insights into potential policy implications.
Sustainable Agriculture and Development in Morocco
Sustainable Agriculture and Development in Morocco
(Sustainable Agriculture and Development in Morocco)
- Author(s):Es-safi Nour Eddine, Rachidi Abdelhaq
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:209-218
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Food security; Green Generation; Green Morocco Plan; Management of natural resources; Rural population; Sustainable agriculture; Useful agricultural area
- Summary/Abstract:This study allows the strengthing capacities and skills of actors, via Green Strategies. Sustainable agriculture plays an important role in improving the standard of living of the rural population and it is central in the management of natural resources, in order to set up sustainable development. In this context, it is necessary to prepare specialists capable of supporting the policies adopted by the Green Strategies; Green Morocco Plan (2008-2020) (Mapmdref, 2008) and Green Generation (2020-2030) (Mapmdref, 2020), in terms of quality, food security, water saving and environmental protection. Indeed, agriculture provides 45% of national employment, generates more than 65% of the income of rural households, and enhances 8.7 million ha of Useful Agricultural Area, of which 18% is irrigated. By green strategy, apart from edible oil, a good coverage ratio has been reached with sugar production at 62%, milk/meat at 70%, cereal products at 70%, and vegetables/fruits at around 100%.
Comparative Analysis of Cloud-Based and Traditional Accounting
Comparative Analysis of Cloud-Based and Traditional Accounting
(Comparative Analysis of Cloud-Based and Traditional Accounting)
- Author(s):Suzana Keglević Kozjak, Tanja Sestanj-Perić, Zrinka Lacković Vincek
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:219-226
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Accounting information systems; Cloud-based technologies; Comparative analysis
- Summary/Abstract:This article explores the changing landscape of accounting information systems, focusing on the transformative impact of cloud-based technologies. Through an analysis of various studies, we investigate how digital technologies and cloud computing are reshaping accounting paradigms. The global perspective highlights the influence of mobile and cloud approaches on accounting information systems worldwide. Additionally, the article examines the challenges and opportunities in implementing cloud accounting systems, offering a comparative analysis that contrasts traditional accounting with cloud-based alternatives. This research enhances understanding of the current trends shaping the field of accounting information systems, providing valuable insights for practitioners and researchers.
Using Openai’s Chat GPT in Accounting: Pros, Cons Ethical Issues and Evaluating Its Role in Supporting Double-Entry Bookkeeping
Using Openai’s Chat GPT in Accounting: Pros, Cons Ethical Issues and Evaluating Its Role in Supporting Double-Entry Bookkeeping
(Using Openai’s Chat GPT in Accounting: Pros, Cons Ethical Issues and Evaluating Its Role in Supporting Double-Entry Bookkeeping)
- Author(s):Dejan Spasić, Irina Joldeska, Anton Vorina, Vid Vorina
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:227-238
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Accounting; Ethical issues; Open Chat GPT; Artificial intelligence
- Summary/Abstract:This study researches the distinctive integration of OpenAI’s Chat GPT within the domain of accounting, placing a particular emphasis on evolving ethical considerations. The paper also presents two scenarios demonstrating how open Chat GPT can be employed in double-entry accounting, highlighting the pros and cons of their usage. Aim. The primary objectives are as follows: 1. To assess the impact of open Chat GPT integration on accounting processes. 2. To understand how accounting professionals perceive and address ethical concerns in the utilization of open Chat GPT. 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of open Chat GPT in supporting double-entry bookkeeping accounting. Methodology. In the exploration of contemporary management practices, this research investigates scholarly papers and online resources, utilizing platforms such as Google Scholar and Google Search. The period under consideration spans from 2021 to 2023. On November 23, 2023, we conducted a practical test to use Chat GPT’s ability to assist in accounting entries related to X-Hotel events through an open chat. The assessment aimed to determine the efficacy of Open Chat GPT in supporting accountants. Initially, two scenarios were independently addressed by experts, followed by the same scenarios being presented to open Chat GPT for resolution, and the outcomes were subsequently compared. Conclusion. Companies should establish guidelines for the ethical use of open Chat GPT in accounting. While open Chat GPT can effectively assist in certain aspects of double-entry bookkeeping, it should be used judiciously and complemented with expert oversight for tasks that demand a higher level of accuracy and detail.
Sustainability Pillars and ISO Standards: The Case of Serbia
Sustainability Pillars and ISO Standards: The Case of Serbia
(Sustainability Pillars and ISO Standards: The Case of Serbia)
- Author(s):Andrea Ivanisevic, Aleksandra Pavlovic, Danijela Ćirić Lalić, Žikica Milošević, Maja Petrović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:239-244
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Sustainable development; Sustainability pillars; Standardization; ISO standards
- Summary/Abstract:Economic, environmental and social pillars of sustainable development are directly related to ISO standards. Organizations are aware that international standards provide effective tools that will help them cope with the challenges of the modern business world. In Serbia, the pillars of sustainable development are connected to ISO standards in the following way - the economic pillar is directly connected to standardization by ISO 9001 and ISO 31000, the ecological pillar with ISO 14001, and the social pillar with ISO 45001 and ISO 26000. This paper aims to indicate the state of standardization in the areas of sustainable development in Serbia, placing special emphasis on ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 standards. The final result of this manuscript would be that all interested parties (individuals, state and private institutions, government, etc. ) have to work together to realize the goals of sustainable development, using the ISO standards tools.
Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions in the European Union. A Panel Data Analysis
Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions in the European Union. A Panel Data Analysis
(Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions in the European Union. A Panel Data Analysis)
- Author(s):Iva Raycheva
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:245-251
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Panel data; Carbon dioxide; Economic growth; Energy consumption
- Summary/Abstract:This study focuses on the impact of economic growth and energy consumption on carbon dioxide emissions. The analysis is based on panel data for the 27 member countries of the European Union for the period 2012-2021. The results show that there is a statistically significant relationship between real GDP, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions for the EU member states. Generally speaking, the researched relationship shows that in the last decade in the EU, successful policies have been implemented to increase the green balance between economic growth and harmful emissions in the air. It should be taken into account that the need for the implementation of the circular economy is increasing since the green measures are not applied equally in each of the countries studied.
Business Transformations through the Application of the Circular Economy
Business Transformations through the Application
of the Circular Economy
(Business Transformations through the Application
of the Circular Economy)
- Author(s):Teodorina Turlakova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:253-259
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Circular economy; Business transformations; Innovative economic model
- Summary/Abstract:The application of the circular economy contributes to multiplying the effects of business operations. Its influence is taken into account both on the value of products, materials and resources, which is preserved as long as possible in the economic cycle, as well as on the sustainability of production and consumption. In the long term, the effects of a circular economy manifest as a preserved environment, competitiveness in the European market, new jobs, and sustainable growth. At the company level, the circular economy contributes to the development of a new, innovative economic model based on reuse, recycling, repair, redevelopment, reduction of raw material use and landfilling. The report examines the relationship between industrial symbiosis and the circular economy, as well as the business models and benefits of applying the circular economy, primarily to achieve sustainable development.
Circular Economy in the Tourism Sector: An Overview of Tourism Enterprises and Tourist Behavior
Circular Economy in the Tourism Sector: An Overview of Tourism Enterprises and Tourist Behavior
(Circular Economy in the Tourism Sector: An Overview of Tourism Enterprises and Tourist Behavior)
- Author(s):Raffaella Cassano, Francesca Gennari, Francesca Rinaldi
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:261-267
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Sustainable tourism; Circular economy; Business challenges; Tourist behavior
- Summary/Abstract:The tourist industry, after a slow recovery following the pandemic events, is regaining positions in the ranking of the most profitable sectors worldwide. Indeed, considering its high environmental and social impact, the tourism sector cannot escape the challenge of sustainability, by embracing the circular economy approach. Currently, this challenge, although debated in the academic literature, is not yet sufficiently studied at the managerial level, so tourism enterprises do not have adequate tools to evaluate their circularity. This paper aims to provide an overview of existing circular economy frameworks in the tourism sector, both at academic literature and managerial level. The research is approached according to qualitative methodology, consisting of the literature review on the circular economy in the tourism sector, and the identification of best practices at international and Italian level. This study has a theoretical impact, providing a literature overview on the debated topic and the potential gaps to be filled, and a managerial impact, providing a set of guidelines deriving from the analysis of existing best practices.
Certification and Assessment of Sustainable Construction in a Circular Economy
Certification and Assessment of Sustainable Construction in a Circular Economy
(Certification and Assessment of Sustainable Construction in a Circular Economy)
- Author(s):Katya ANTONOVA
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:269-279
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Circular economy; Sustainable construction; Certification systems; Assessment indicators
- Summary/Abstract:Construction activities are among the main contributors to the greenhouse effect, high consumption of natural resources, production of huge amounts of waste and energy consumption during the life cycle of buildings, suggesting that the study of these activities is of utmost importance. Ensuring a balance between economic development, human well-being and environmental needs is a major challenge of our time in the context of the circular economy. The author of this paper aims to analyze the existing knowledge and methodologies for the certification of sustainable buildings and to consider the possibilities for an integrated assessment of their sustainability throughout their life cycle.
Unlocking Synergy: Are CESEE Countries Effectively Integrated into Global Value Chains?
Unlocking Synergy: Are CESEE Countries Effectively Integrated into Global Value Chains?
(Unlocking Synergy: Are CESEE Countries Effectively Integrated into Global Value Chains?)
- Author(s):Jasna Tonovska
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:281-289
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Global Value Chains; Exports; CESEE
- Summary/Abstract:In an era of globalized economies, the integration into Global Value Chains (GVC) becomes very significant, as it not only shapes the trajectory of trade and economic development but also influences productivity growth, income convergence, and the overall competitiveness in the international markets. This paper examines the GVC dynamics in Central and South-Eastern Europe (CESEE) and the Baltic States. Findings reveal moderate GVC integration in the region, with a gradual decline in its share in gross exports. Sectoral and geographical structures vary among subgroups, emphasizing differences between CEE, Baltic, and SEE countries. Focusing on Macedonian trade, the study highlights increased integration and a shift towards higher forward linkages. Policy recommendations address shared obstacles, urging enhancement of non-price competitiveness and sector-specific strategies to boost innovation and collaboration. The proposed roadmap aims to guide CESEE policymakers in fostering GVC integration across diverse sectors.
Placement of Small Producers in Large Retail Chains
Placement of Small Producers in Large Retail Chains
(Placement of Small Producers in Large Retail Chains)
- Author(s):Sandra Mrvica Mađarac, Zvonimir Filipović, Slobodan Stojanović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:291-299
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Small producers; Large retail chains; “Field to Table”; “Eat What’s Worth It”; Research
- Summary/Abstract:In the Republic of Croatia, there are almost no retail chains in which a large representation of domestic products has not become a development and marketing imperative. Small producers need to know how and in what way to market their products in order to reach the market and increase their sales. Several strategies can be used when placing products of small producers in retail chains. One of the strategies is “Field to Table”. This strategy is part of the EU’s green plan, and it aims to respond to the challenges of sustainable food systems. With the “Field to Table” strategy, the inextricable mutual connection between healthy people, healthy societies and a healthy planet is confirmed, with an emphasis on high quality and geographical origin. The strategy “Eat What’s Worth It” is implemented by the Croatian Chamber of Commerce to increase the consumption of local products and raise the culture of their consumption. Domestically produced products have become a business imperative for large retail chains, and they implement various marketing campaigns to increase their sales and find the appropriate market segment of customers. For the purposes of this paper, research was conducted on the position of small domestic producers in large retail chains and strategies and marketing campaigns that are implemented in the marketing of their products.
Virtuality of Economy as a Segment of Postmodern Theory
Virtuality of Economy as a Segment of Postmodern Theory
(Virtuality of Economy as a Segment of Postmodern Theory)
- Author(s):Violeta Gligorovski
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:301-309
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Virtual; Hyper reality; Postmodernism
- Summary/Abstract:The virtuality of the economy is an implication caused by the transformation, so it represents a kind of transition from the modern to the postmodern period, that is, it is the period in which today’s world exists. In the postmodern period, reality disappears or transforms into hyper reality, which is, in fact, a model of reality or a so-called simulated environment. The basic premise, that led to the realization of this research, was, in fact, to make an indepth analysis of the real space versus the virtual space and its direct impact on the economic power of companies in modern globalization conditions. Space, as a physical dimension, is perceived by the human mind as a visualization of something that exists materially, measurable, defined, something that surrounds us and with which we coexist in an interactive compact whole. This concept will be the initial point from which research will be done to reach the virtual space, as a specific redefinition of the reality of the space in which man exists, perceives it at the lowest level, with materiality taking on a culminating character. First of all, the inductive-deductive method was used, and the analytical method was used throughout the research because the formulation of the conclusions derives from the analysis of the problem - the virtual space and its economic power. To make the comparisons between the real economic environment, on the one hand, and the virtual space, on the other hand, the comparative method was used.
Exploring Theoretical Frameworks for Analyzing the Security Behavior of Smartphone Users
Exploring Theoretical Frameworks for Analyzing the Security Behavior of Smartphone Users
(Exploring Theoretical Frameworks for Analyzing the Security Behavior of Smartphone Users)
- Author(s):Enxhia Sala, Edlira Martiri
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:311-321
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Theoretical frameworks; Information security; Privacy; Mobile technology
- Summary/Abstract:This paper provides a comprehensive exploration of theoretical frameworks essential for understanding smartphone users’ security behavior. It delves into the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Every framework provides distinct perspectives on the implementation, acceptance, and usage of security measures. Through the integration of these frameworks, researchers get an indepth understanding of the elements that impact behavioral intentions and actions in the domain of smartphone security. The paper also highlights the evolution and expansion of these frameworks over time, emphasizing their relevance in contemporary research and practical applications. Moreover, it outlines prospective directions for research, such as examining the interaction between developing technology and perceptions of security, evaluating the impact of cultural factors on security practices, and assessing the efficacy of interventions.
Enhancing Security in the Age of Electronic Public Services in Albania
Enhancing Security in the Age of Electronic Public Services in Albania
(Enhancing Security in the Age of Electronic Public Services in Albania)
- Author(s):Jorgo Cipa, Kozeta Sevrani
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:323-331
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Electronic public services; Digitization; E-Albania; Security; Personal data
- Summary/Abstract:The rapid digitization of public services has revolutionized the way government entities provide services to their citizens and businesses. During the last 10 years, Albania has made significant progress in electronic governance through the establishment of the e-Albania portal. Increased accessibility, transparency, time and cost efficiency are some of the advantages of electronic public services. Although this system has radically changed citizens’ access and their trust in public electronic services, this transformation has brought significant concerns related to the security of the systems and especially to the protection of personal data. Considering the fact that such systems are the target of many cyber-attacks, makes the security of these systems a very critical component. This paper provides an overview of the progression of digital services in Albania offered by the aforementioned portal. It highlights both the advantages and disadvantages associated with exclusively delivering public services through electronic channels.
Innovation in the Tourism Sector – Case of Vlore Municipality
Innovation in the Tourism Sector – Case of Vlore Municipality
(Innovation in the Tourism Sector – Case of Vlore Municipality)
- Author(s):Brikena Sika
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:333-338
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Tourism industry; Innovative strategies; Development
- Summary/Abstract:The rapid development of tourism in Albania has brought not only positive economic consequences, but at the same time, it has also brought out the problems and challenges of the future. Since Vlora represents one of the most important tourist destinations in Albania, this article deals with these problems and challenges for this tourist destination. Tourism represents one of the most significant alternatives for the sustainable and long-term use of these values, and the general social-economic development of the country, especially in unfavorable economic times. This is the reason that tourism was one of the priority sectors in the attention of almost all governments of the post-communist period. In addition, tourism continues to remain one of the most underdeveloped sectors in our country. This article is based on primary data collected from a sample survey of this tourist destination. The article closes with the relevant conclusions.
Film Tourism as a Promoter of Tourism Development in Korca Region
Film Tourism as a Promoter of Tourism Development in Korca Region
(Film Tourism as a Promoter of Tourism Development in Korca Region)
- Author(s):Alma Zhilla
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:339-347
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Tourism; Destination; Film tourism; Sustainable tourism; Personalised experience
- Summary/Abstract:Given that it may create jobs and revenue, tourism is being mentioned more and more as a means of stimulating the economy. So, considering this systemic view of tourism and the current state of the economy, tourism-related phenomena become increasingly important in this globalizing world. In order to grow as a tourism destination, places must stand out in a competitive market. Referring to this, Albania is a destination that in recent years has seen a rapid increase in tourism and income. One of the most frequented destinations is Korca Region, but the development of tourism in this destination must be extended throughout the year and be sustainable. This paper intends to analyse whether the implementation of a new form of tourism in Korca Region will be effective in raising sustainable visitor numbers and year-round tourism. A new emerging trend within modern tourism has been dubbed film-induced tourism. Film tourism is a personalized experience that is heavily dependent on the viewer’s emotional reactivity, personality, and background (cultural and ethnic), making each visitor’s experience unique. This presents a hurdle when it comes to assessing and measuring the industry. This study attempts to define film-induced tourism, as well as to explore the relationship between films and tourism in the Korce Region. The article looks at the general understanding of the phrase under investigation as well as the present tourism profile of the Korca Region. Moreover, we must highlight, that consumer behavior and motivation play a special role in choosing a travel destination, analyzing these to understand tourists’ motivations. An online questionnaire was used to conduct a mixed-method study with 70 participants. Five of those participants were contacted to conduct semi-structured interviews. We may therefore conclude that film tourism has a good effect on a location and, by utilizing contemporary technologies, offers passengers novel experiences. It also stimulates local tourism, revitalizes depopulating regions, and strengthens a nation’s economy.
Gastronomy at the Crossroads Towards Climate Neutrality: From Counting Calories to Monitoring CO2 Emissions
Gastronomy at the Crossroads Towards Climate Neutrality: From Counting Calories to Monitoring CO2 Emissions
(Gastronomy at the Crossroads Towards Climate Neutrality: From Counting Calories to Monitoring CO2 Emissions)
- Author(s):Iva Tolić Mandić, Sanja Tišma, Ivana Biondić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:349-357
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Gastronomy; Food system; Climate change; Climate neutrality; GHG emission
- Summary/Abstract:One of the biggest threats to today’s society is climate change – the result of an increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG), produced by human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels for energy production, transport and industrial processes. One of the largest GHG emissions sources is agriculture, but also a whole food system. This paper aims to analyse people’s awareness of the food system’s impact on climate change and if they are familiar with mentioned mitigation opportunities. The research on people’s awareness of the impact of the food system on climate change was conducted among three groups of respondents - chefs, teachers and lecturers and students. The research showed that although people are aware that climate change is a serious problem, they are unaware of how it occurs and that the food that is produced, stored, transported, prepared and finally consumed affects climate change.
Business Management Strategies for Water Supply Systems in the Republic of Croatia: Mitigating Water Loss as a Performance Indicator
Business Management Strategies for Water Supply Systems in the Republic of Croatia: Mitigating Water Loss as a Performance Indicator
(Business Management Strategies for Water Supply Systems in the Republic of Croatia: Mitigating Water Loss as a Performance Indicator)
- Author(s):Vladimir Botica
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:359-366
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Business management; Water supply; Water loss
- Summary/Abstract:The metric of non-revenue water provides insights into the extent of water lost in the network, representing the variance between water produced and water sold. This delves into an analysis of 35 water supply companies in the Republic of Croatia, collectively responsible for pumping approximately 95% of the total water supply. The sample encompasses all large and medium-sized companies out of a total of 147 (categorized as large, medium, small, and micro) according to FINA categorization, aligned with the Accounting Act (Official Gazette 78/2015). Data for the analysis was sourced from secondary data sources, covering the period from 2011 to 2018. This comprehensive exploration seeks to unveil the intricate dynamics of business management strategies employed by water supply companies in Croatia and their direct impact on water loss reduction, thereby contributing to the sustainability of water supply systems.
Improving Water Resource Management: Evapotranspiration-Based or Tensiometer-Based Irrigation Scheduling
Improving Water Resource Management: Evapotranspiration-Based or Tensiometer-Based Irrigation Scheduling
(Improving Water Resource Management: Evapotranspiration-Based or Tensiometer-Based Irrigation Scheduling)
- Author(s):Elena Grancharova, Blagoj Elenov, Emilija Elenova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:367-372
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Water resource management; Evapotranspiration-based irrigation scheduling; Tensiometer-based irrigation scheduling; Strawberry
- Summary/Abstract:Climate changes and competition between agriculture and other sectors for soil and water resources usage that water resource management obtains increasing significance. As a part of agricultural water resource management the choice of irrigation scheduling method influences the yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency, energy consumption, cost-effectiveness, etc. This paper focuses on the comparative analysis between evapotranspiration-based and tensiometer-based irrigation scheduling components and cost-effectiveness. Using data from a greenhouse experiment carried out with first-year strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa “Snow White”) in 2023 at the experimental field of Chelopechene at the Institute of Soil Science, Agrotechnologies and Plant Protection “Nikola Pushkarov”, Sofia, Bulgaria. The results show that evapotranspiration-based irrigation scheduling is more cost-effective than tensiometer-based one.
Evaluation of Volatile Organic Pollutants in Water Samples from Durres's Port by Using the HS/SPME Technique
Evaluation of Volatile Organic Pollutants in Water Samples from Durres's Port by Using the HS/SPME Technique
(Evaluation of Volatile Organic Pollutants in Water Samples from Durres's Port by Using the HS/SPME Technique)
- Author(s):Esmeralda Halo, Bledar Murtaj, Aurel Nuro
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:373-380
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Port of Durres; VOC; Chlorobenzenes. BTEX; HS/SPME; GC/ECD/FID
- Summary/Abstract:In this paper, the concentrations of some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water samples from the port of Durres are presented. The Port of Durres is the largest port in Albania and one of the largest in the Balkans. Port water is affected by pollution that comes mainly from intensive shipping and other activities near the port area. The volatile organic pollutants that were analyzed were chlorobenzenes and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, ortho-, meta-, and para-xylenes). Water samples were taken in July 2022 at 12 different stations near the port of Durres. The headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS/SPME) method was used for the extraction and quantitative analysis of chlorobenzenes and BTEX, followed by gas chromatography (GC) techniques. This method presents advantages for the analysis of volatile pollutants because it eliminates the use of organic solvents and different sample treatment steps that often lead to erroneous results. The sensitivity and reproducibility of HS are favorable for volatile organic pollutants. The adsorption of organic pollutants was carried out on a polydimethylsiloxane (PS) fiber at a temperature of 50 oC for 30 minutes. The desorption process was carried out in the injector of the gas chromatograph at a high temperature (250 oC for 10 seconds). The qualitative and quantitative analysis of chlorobenzenes (mono-, di-, three-, tetra-, penta-, and hexachlorobenzene) was realized in the GC/ECD apparatus, while the analysis of BTEX was carried out in the GC/FID apparatus. Volatile organic pollutants were present in almost all of the samples analyzed. BTEXs were detected at higher levels. Their presence is related to the high intensity of transport within the area of the port of Durres. Toluene was the compound that was most frequently identified in the highest amount for all samples. Also, chlorobenzenes were detected in all the analyzed samples. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene was identified at a higher level in some stations inside the port of Durres. The presence of chlorobenzenes can be a consequence of urban spills, cleaning and sanitization processes (in the port area, on ships, etc.), or as degradation products of other compounds (pesticides, PCBs, etc.). The presence of BTEX and chlorobenzenes in the water samples from the port of Durres shows that the monitoring of this area should be continuous.
Integrated Urban Waste Management (Case study, Vlora Municipality)
Integrated Urban Waste Management (Case study, Vlora Municipality)
(Integrated Urban Waste Management (Case study, Vlora Municipality))
- Author(s):Amali Cipi
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:381-389
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Integrated management; Urban waste; Population growth; Development; Environment
- Summary/Abstract:Urban waste management is the main and most problematic part of the cleaning service, which has become one of the sharpest problems to be addressed by local government bodies in Albania (Kodra & Milios, 2013). Population growth, tourism development, business development such as restaurants, markets, bars, economic growth and improvement of living standards have increased consumption rates and consequently the rate and volume of urban waste generation. Inadequate waste management has turned it into a source of environmental pollution and disease. In Albania, a small part of the waste is recycled, a little is buried and in most cases, it is deposited in certain landfills, which do not meet the appropriate engineering requirements for environmental protection and are subject to frequent fires. Burning urban waste or dumping it on the banks of rivers and streams has become the biggest ‘gangrene’ of environmental pollution and results in a high level of air pollution, but also poisons the soil and the groundwater that flows near these landfills (Alcani & Dorri, 2013). The situation is further aggravated by the fact that hazardous waste from the industrial sector is dumped in the same places as urban waste and treated in the same way.
Dynamics of Population Structure: A Comprehensive Analysis of Romania Using Census Data and Population Pyramids
Dynamics of Population Structure: A Comprehensive Analysis of Romania Using Census Data and Population Pyramids
(Dynamics of Population Structure: A Comprehensive Analysis of Romania Using Census Data and Population Pyramids)
- Author(s):Irina-Elena STOICA
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:391-398
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Population structure; Population pyramid; Demographic trends; Census data
- Summary/Abstract:Population structure is a crucial factor influencing a country’s development. The population pyramids provide valuable insights into demographic trends, age group dynamics and sex differences. The study reveals that both Romania and Bucharest are experiencing an aging trend, with a greater concentration of people in middle-aged groups and a decline in the younger population. This shift has significant implications for economic, social and healthcare systems, requiring adjustments to meet the evolving needs of each age group. The population pyramid for 2021 highlights that the largest age group is 50-54 years, representing the generation born between 1967 and 1971, following the anti-abortion decree of 1966. Bucharest, as the capital city and a major economic and cultural center, attracts young people in search of job opportunities, contributing to the city’s unique characteristics. The used data is the data from censuses issued by the National Institute of Statistics and findings through population are presented using pyramid charts, built with R language. These findings shed light on the demographic changes in Romania and its capital city, Bucharest, and the challenges and opportunities that will be encountered in the future.
The Effect of Financing Political Parties in the Economy: Case of Albania
The Effect of Financing Political Parties in the Economy: Case of Albania
(The Effect of Financing Political Parties in the Economy: Case of Albania)
- Author(s):Sorina Koti
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:399-406
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Financing parties; Buying power; Corruption; Organized crime; Transparency
- Summary/Abstract:The paper aims to analyze and determine the factors that affect the political parties’ activities and their role in the socioeconomic life of the country. Money in politics has become more and more an element of growing influence to a determining power, so the control and transparency of this component are vital to maintaining the country’s prosperity and development. The paper analyses the case of Albania, an ex-communist country, and the problems that have arisen from the use of “dirty money” for financing politics and their political campaigns. Albania needs urgently a new law on political and financing political parties, to fight corruption, and abuse of public funds and to prevent from empowerment of organized crime. Reform of political parties is needed, in order to end the power deriving from money and to consolidate the power deriving from faith and voter confidence.
Optimizing Contracting via Performance-Based Contracts
Optimizing Contracting via Performance-Based Contracts
(Optimizing Contracting via Performance-Based Contracts)
- Author(s):Elena-Luliana Gheorghe
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:407-412
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Performance-Based Contracts; Contract architecture; Contract formation; Economic theory
- Summary/Abstract:Economic theory regards the contract as a trading instrument that provides an optimal allocation of scarce resources (Posner, 1973). In this view, the economic utility of the contract is conferred by its binding force, and its binding force is justified by its ability to increase general welfare. Contract formation is an essential starting point in economic analysis. The need to conclude contracts with clear and well-defined terms is pressing. Primarily, a defective, incomplete contract, formulated in contradictory terms, is an invitation to default (Almășan, 2018). Secondly, as a result of non-execution, the contracts in question are referred to the courts, which have the difficult task - of ascertaining the real intent of the parties and giving it legal effect. The proliferation of problematic contracts has led to the undeniable reality that the courts are burdened with such disputes, which could easily have been avoided by better ex-ante consideration. In response to these inadequacies, Performance-Based Contracts have emerged. The development of performance-based contracts has been a collaborative and evolutionary process, influenced by academic research, economic theories, and the practical needs of organizations in various sectors. In light of the above, the article aims to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of performance-based contracting, the implications of the widespread use of this contracting method and its prospects.
Implementation of PPP Contracts: Pros and Cons
Implementation of PPP Contracts: Pros and Cons
(Implementation of PPP Contracts: Pros and Cons)
- Author(s):Egra Ibrahimi
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:413-421
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:PPP; Risk; Benefits; Effective policy; Developing countries
- Summary/Abstract:PPP contracts are now widely spread all over the world, including both developed and developing countries, especially in getting major infrastructure projects built. They consist of a large private sector participation, aiming to achieve efficiency and effectiveness. Sometimes, happens that these projects fail to find the best level of private-sector participation. There are some reasons behind this: the fact that the public and private sectors think differently about the risk of such projects, corruption level, lack of effective policy, institutional framework, macroeconomic situation, etc. There is a difference between PPP contract implementation in developed and developing countries. There are some challenges in developing countries, such as lack of effective policy, poor planning, the country’s macroeconomic situation, level of corruption, etc. Through a descriptive analysis, this paper shall argue some of the benefits and some risks of the implementation of PPP contracts for developing countries including Albania.
Simplified Limited Liability Company
Simplified Limited Liability Company
(Simplified Limited Liability Company)
- Author(s):Marko Andonov, Ljubomir Radenkov, Dzena Anastasova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:423-430
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Limited Liability Company (LLC); Simplified Limited Liability Company (SLLC); Basic capital
- Summary/Abstract:Of all forms of trade companies, the limited liability company is the most common, both domestically and in the rest of the world. Such “popularity” stems from several factors, which are important for “young” entrepreneurs and individuals who lack the capital to establish another form of trade company. Those factors, or circumstances, are the relatively low minimum basic capital, the limited liability of the founders and shareholders in terms of the responsibilities and obligations the company has towards third parties, the relatively simple establishment process, as well as the simple organizational structure of the company. With the Amending Law of the Law on Trade Companies, published in the Official Gazette of North Macedonia no. 215/2021 of 16.09.2021, the legislator incorporates a so-called “subform” of the LLC – the Simplified Limited Liability Company (in continuation: SLLC). With this incorporation, the legislator intends to give additional relief to founders by minimizing the minimum basic capital from at least 5.000 EUR to at least 1 EUR expressed in denar counter value calculated according to the average exchange rate which is published by the National Bank of the Republic of North Macedonia.
Challenges to Legal Education in the Modern Digital World
Challenges to Legal Education in the Modern Digital World
(Challenges to Legal Education in the Modern Digital World)
- Author(s):Petya Mitreva, Adelina Hadzhiyska
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:431-436
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Legal education; Modern digital world; Artificial intelligence; Law
- Summary/Abstract:In recent years, there have been different approaches to legal education in Law Faculties. All of them aim at better and quality assimilation of the taught matter by the students. Given the rapid pace of digitalization in all spheres of public life, the issue of the application of new technologies and the place of artificial intelligence in legal education is of particular importance. By analyzing the positive and negative sides of artificial intelligence, the authors focus on innovative approaches in the process of teaching and training in „Law“. The advantages of new information technologies and applications are of particular importance. In conclusion, recommendations are outlined, including the introduction of a discipline „Law and Artificial Intelligence“ to increase students‘ knowledge in the field of artificial intelligence and its functions.
DSA & DMA – The Role of Dual Regulation
DSA & DMA – The Role of Dual Regulation
(DSA & DMA – The Role of Dual Regulation)
- Author(s):Andreea Enescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:437-445
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Digital markets; DMA; DSA; E-Commerce Directive; P2B Regulation
- Summary/Abstract:The evolution of digital instruments completely changed the European perspective on legislation, resulting in a shifted perception of the e-Commerce Directive, considered insufficient to tackle and further protect digital markets and to provide a level playing field for the platform economy. Systematic approaches for regulating digital markets began shaping EU strategy, 2024 marks the year when full enforcement of a set designed to cover challenges of digital markets or, more specifically, digital platforms is expected. The dual role of DSA and DMA and the interplay between these and other European texts that are already in force are addressed in the article.
Reflections of European Market Law on the Croatian Legislative Framework of Consumer Protection
Reflections of European Market Law on the Croatian Legislative Framework of Consumer Protection
(Reflections of European Market Law on the Croatian Legislative Framework of Consumer Protection)
- Author(s):Sanja Gongeta
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:447-455
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:European market law; Consumer protection; Croatian legislative framework
- Summary/Abstract:European legislation has had a significant impact on the development of consumer protection in Croatia. As a member of the European Union, Croatia is obliged to implement and enforce EU directives and regulations related to consumer rights and protection. The main legal framework for consumer protection in Croatia is the Consumer Protection Act (Zakon o zaštiti potrošača NN 19/22, 56/23) and European legislation has played a crucial role in shaping it. It has contributed to the establishment of robust consumer rights, harmonized standards, and improved mechanisms for resolving consumer disputes. By aligning its legislation with EU directives and regulations, Croatia has integrated itself into a broader framework of consumer protection that spans across the European Union. The paper analyses the new Consumer Protection Act which entered into force in May of 2022, completely replacing the previous Act of the same name from 2014. The main reason for adopting the new Consumer Protection Act was the implementation of Directive (EU) 2019/2161 and regulation of digital segment of the conclusion of contracts to a greater extent than it was before.
Beyond Adjudication: European Court of Human Rights Pilot Judgment’s Role in Shaping Albanian Legislation
Beyond Adjudication: European Court of Human Rights Pilot Judgment’s Role in Shaping Albanian Legislation
(Beyond Adjudication: European Court of Human Rights Pilot Judgment’s Role in Shaping Albanian Legislation)
- Author(s):Iva Terova (Pendavinji)
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:457-466
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:ECtHR; Pilot judgment; Property; Impact; Legislation; Structural dysfunction
- Summary/Abstract:Attempting to address systemic violations of human rights on the domestic level, pilot judgments impose an obligation on States to take remedial measures to prevent vast numbers of repetitive applications or clone cases before the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR or the Court). Accordingly, they serve as catalysts by fostering transformative changes within a state’s legal framework and aligning domestic law with the European Convention of Human Rights standards. The paper aims to analyze the procedure and features of pilot judgments, enshrined in Rule 61 of Rules of Court. Delving on ECtHR case law, it gives a brief overview of the pilot judgment procedure adopted for Albania’s structural dysfunction of non-compensation for properties nationalized during the communist regime in Manushaqe Puto and others v. Albania. Furthermore, the effectiveness of remedies undertaken by the Albanian authorities is assessed. The paper concludes by emphasizing the proactive role played by the ECtHR in shaping Albania’s legislation and hence advancing the protection of property rights.
Patterns of Geographic Gender Based Violence: Politics, Culture and Development Issues
Patterns of Geographic Gender Based Violence: Politics, Culture and Development Issues
(Patterns of Geographic Gender Based Violence: Politics, Culture and Development Issues)
- Author(s):Reina Zenelaj Shehi, Endi Tirana, Ajsela Toci
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:467-476
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Gender violence; Geography; Women; Identity; Albania
- Summary/Abstract:This study seeks to investigate and evaluate the phenomena of spatial gender-based violence in Albania. It asks in what ways are gender-based violence patterns and prevalence vary in different regions of Albania. Furthermore, which demographic, political, cultural, and socioeconomic factors are responsible for these regional variations? The study benefits from the frameworks of intersectionality theory and spatial analysis and uses the literature to search for relevant variables that act as intersecting identities contributing to unique forms of violence and discrimination. Survey results indicate that the patriarchal system and gender based norms are two perpetuating variables that are perceived to contribute the most to gender based violence. Economic repercussions were also emphasized, with GGBV restricting women’s access to financial independence, career opportunities, and education. Notwithstanding, there is a rising knowledge of the significance of patriarchal institutions, gender norms, and the necessity of gender equality in resolving violence.